Michel de A Montaigne, nzeru zapamwamba za Kubadwa Kwatsopano: yonena zolemba

Wolemba, katswiri wa nzeru ndi mphunzitsi, Michel de A Montaigne m'nthawi imene inatha ndi Kubadwa Kwatsopano ndi Reformation. Iye anabadwa mu February 1533, ku dera la Dordogne (France). Ndi moyo ndi ntchito za woganiza ali ngati kusonyeza "pakati" nthawi intertemporal. Ndipo ena mwa malingaliro a munthu uyu chodabwitsa nayo Masiku ano. No mbiri yakale zodabwitsa nzeru amati, sayenera zonse zimachitika nthawi latsopano la zoyambirira, Michel de A Montaigne.

yonena

Poyamba, tsogolo banja nzeru zapamwamba anali ogulitsa. bambo ake, ndi German, musati ngakhale Chifalansa, ankatchedwa Pierre Eykemom. Mayi, Antoinette de A Lopez, anali m'banja la ana othawa ku chigawo Spanish wa Aragon - anasiya malo awa pa kuzunzidwa kwa Ayuda. Koma bambo Michel zotentha ntchito yabwino, ndipo ngakhale kukhala woyang'anira Bordeaux. mzinda lino unachita yaikulu mu moyo wa nzeru zapamwamba za. Pakuti utumiki yapadera Bordo Per Eykem iye yemwe amatengedwa kupita otchuka, ndipo chifukwa anali ndi malo Montaigne ndi loko lolingana kuphatikana chidachitika banja lake. Nyumbayi yokha anabadwa ndi Michelle. Atate anatha kupereka mwana wake maphunziro kunyumba, zomwe ndi zotheka pa nthawi. Iye analankhula kwa ana a Michel okha Latin, mnyamata sanali kumasuka.

ntchito

Choncho, nzeru zapamwamba tsogolo analembetsa ku koleji ku Bordeaux, ndipo anakhala loya. Kuyambira ndili mwana m'maganizo mwake n'zaka anakantha nkhanza, omwe anali anthu amatha chifukwa cha chipembedzo. Mwina ndicho chifukwa pa nthawi ya nkhondo Huguenot mu France, iye anayesa kuti ayimire pakati pa zipani kumenyana. Osachepera kudzipereka ake anabwera kwa kubala, ndi kumvetsera kwa atsogoleri ake maganizo a matchalitchi onsewa. Za iye, nayenso, akhoza anati mu vesi: "Ndipo ine kuyima ndekha pakati pawo ...." Iye ankadziwikanso monga akuchitadi woweruza, kuyesera kulowa pangano Pamudzi. Koma mu 1565 anakwatira ndi mkwatibwi anam'bweretsera malowolo lalikulu. Patatha zaka zitatu bambo ake anamwalira, kusiya mwana wake chuma banja. Tsopano, Michel de A Montaigne nazo ndalama zokwanira kuti athane ndi zokonda zawo kapena ntchito. Motero, iye anachita, kuti phindu kugulitsa kupatula WOWERUZA wake.

nzeru

Pa pantchito pamene anali ndi zaka 38, Michelle potsiriza anadzipereka yekha ku utakhala amakonda. Mu malo, analemba m'buku lake wotchuka - "ndi". Pambuyo buku la mabuku awiri oyamba ntchito 1580, nzeru zapamwamba anapita ndi kukaona angapo European mayiko - Italy, Germany, Switzerland. Mofanana ndi bambo ake, iye anali kawiri osankhidwa meya wa Bordeaux. mzinda anasangalala ndi gulu la Montaigne, nzeru zapamwamba, ngakhale panthawi imeneyo anali kutali France. Iye analemba zolemba ndi zolemba kuyenda. Iye anakhala modzichepetsa ndipo anamwalira ali ndi zaka zaka makumi asanu ndi anayi, mu 1592, mu mpingo mu msonkhano mu chinyumba anu. Wafilosofi analemba mabuku awo osati French ndi Latin, komanso chinenero Italy ndi Chiokitani.

ntchito moyo

The ntchito yaikulu ya Montaigne umaimira nkhani. Ndipotu mtundu wanyimbo yokha anaonekera kuyamika nzeru zapamwamba wa. Pambuyo lomasulira mawu akuti "nkhani" ku French ndipo amatanthauza "ndi". M'buku lake sindiye amene anali wotchuka pa Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Izi osati za sayansi kapena nzeru zaumunthu lonena. Iye alibe dongosolo, palibe dongosolo. Iwo mawunikidwe ndi zidindo za moyo, magulu ogwidwa, kasupe wa kulankhula moyo. Tikhoza kunena kuti Michel de A Montaigne basi moona mtima maganizo ake ndi kuyang'anila monga Mulungu anaika pa munthu. Koma zolemba amenewa lidzapulumuka m'ma.

"Zatsopano". chidule

Essays Montaigne pali chinachake pakati mawunikidwe ndi kuvomereza. Mu bukhu, zambiri munthu, amene anazindikira ena. Pa nthawi yomweyo kupenda nokha, Michel de A Montaigne pofuna kumvetsa chikhalidwe cha mzimu wa munthu palokha. Iye akupereka yekha oonetsa kuti kumvetsetsa ena. Montaigne ndi mtundu wa amantha, sindinkasangalala ndi anthu komanso maganizo ake komanso mwayi kuphunzira. Iye amayesa kupereka zifukwa zomveka egoism ndi kupeza chisangalalo, zochokera Asitoiki. Pa nthawi yomweyo nzeru zapamwamba amazitsutsa iye monga Catholic scholasticism ano ndi kukayikira, kukayikira makhalidwe onse.

Kodi pali zolinga zoona?

Nzeru ena a nkhani dziko ulamuliro, - anati Montaigne. Iwo amadalira Thomas Aquinas, Augustine, Aristotle, ndi zina zotero. Koma akuluakulu awa akhoza kukhala molakwika. The Tinganenenso chimodzimodzi za maganizo athu. Munjira ina, izo ndi zoona, koma sangathe kutumikira monga ulamuliro kwa ena. Mwachidule, tinganene kuti sankamvetsa bwinobwino kuti nzeru zathu zili ndi malire. Wafilosofi Michel de A Montaigne anaponya osati pa ulamuliro wa m'mbuyomu, komanso zolinga za izi. Iye ankatsutsa kuganizira makhalidwe abwino a okoma ndi makhalidwe mfundo konse. Montaigne akukhulupirira kuti mawu onse kuti ntchito mphamvu kupezerera anthu. Munthu ayenera kukhala mwa ufulu ndi ulemu ngati iye akufuna kusangalala. Kenako adzakonda ena. Ndiye izo zikusonyeza kulimba mtima kuti ndi yosemphana ndi mkwiyo, mantha ndi manyazi.

Mulungu ndi Philosophy

Montaigne bwino anadzitcha wosakhulupirira. "Sindingathe kunena chilichonse chokhudza Mulungu, zimenezi ndili, - anauza owerenga Ndipo ngati ndi choncho, chiyenera makamaka kutsogoleredwa ndi maganizo anu amene anena kuti maganizo awo - .. The bwino, koma kuyesa kukakamiza ena kumvera Ine, si oyenera ulemu. Choncho ndi bwino kupewa kutengeka ndi mwakufuna ufulu wa zipembedzo zonse. Philosophy azikankhira munthu kukhala ndi moyo wabwino ndi kutsatira makhalidwe abwino, osati pamodzi akufa ndi zovuta kumvetsa kwambiri malamulo. Kenako anthu adzaphunzira kukhala chenicheni. ndi neschas chilazi apatsidwe thandizo, "philosophically," ngati simungathe kusintha Ndipo kuti zowawa zochepa, kubwera ndi maganizo oterewa, pamene asangalale ndi kuchisonyeza mwamphamvu kwambiri, ndi ululu -. zochepa mulibe kulemekeza aliyense boma chifukwa ndi wabwino, koma chifukwa. kusintha mphamvu n'kogwiritsa mavuto ambiri. "

Montaigne komanso odzipereka kwambiri kwa maganizo a mbadwo watsopano wa maphunziro. M'dera limeneli, iye anatsatira zolinga zonse za Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Munthu ayenera kukhala katswiri, ndi munthu zogwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, ndiponso si Mulimonsemo, si wotentheka. Izi zinali wosasinthika kwathunthu Michel de A Montaigne. Pedagogy, mfundo zake view - ndi luso kukhala chifuniro mwana amphamvu ndi khalidwe amphamvu amene amawathandiza kupirira vicissitudes a moyo ndi kupeza zosangalatsa kwambiri. Montaigne ankakonda lingaliro a m'nthawi yake osati ndi ouziridwa mibadwo wotsatira. anzeru amenewa ndi olemba monga Pascal, Descartes, Voltaire, Rousseau, Bossuet, Pushkin ndi Tolstoy, ntchito maganizo ake, kukangana naye kapena kutsutsana. Mpaka pano kuti mfundo za Montaigne Musataye kutchuka.