Nayonso mphamvu ya tiyi mu Russia

Nayonso mphamvu ndi tiyi polyphenol makutidwe ndi okosijeni osakaniza ndi michere (michere) pano mu tsamba tiyi. Chifukwa cha ichi theaflavins mawonekedwe ndi thearubigins kuti kupereka kulowetsedwa ya tiyi (wakuda), khalidwe bulauni mtundu ndi kum'chitira utoto.

Nayonso mphamvu ndi mndandanda wa zochita mankhwala zimene zimachitika mu njira zosiyanasiyana. Izo zimatengera zinthu Link (kuunikira, kutentha, chinyezi, etc.). Pali njira yodziwika wa yokumba nayonso mphamvu kusokoneza kanthawi pepalalo wafika kupezeka chofunika. Izi zachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mofulumira masamba Kutentha tiyi, sindiye kutsogolera kuti kuyanika ake, koma mukhale osandulika, mwa thunthu kuti ndondomeko nayonso mphamvu ndinayima.

michere zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni

Nayonso mphamvu ya tiyi - ndi pachimake ndondomeko lonse kupanga luso lake. Kukhazikitsa ake ayenera kukhala zotsatira za michere zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni masamba tiyi: phenol oxidase ndi peroxidase.

Tiyi kupanga amapereka kuteteza pazipita fungo ndi kununkhira katundu wa masamba tiyi ndi kusinthidwa wa mankhwala awo zikuchokera. Chifukwa cha zipangizo analandira mkulu khalidwe mankhwala.

Akukondera kusintha amuzolengedwa ayamba ngakhale kusonkhanitsa masamba tiyi, kupitiriza Kuuma wake ndi kupotoza, ndipo ngakhale pa nayonso mphamvu, iwo kukhala ndi mphamvu zapadera.

Pa pepala nayonso mphamvu anapotoza muulamuliro wa njira makutidwe ndi okosijeni, kumakhaladi mkuwa ofiira ndi fungo wobiriwira atuluka pang'onopang'ono wosakhwima kukoma kwa tiyi thovu.

The ndondomeko nayonso

M'zaka za m'ma XIX kuti ankakhulupirira kuti tiyi nayonso mphamvu ndi ndondomeko microbiological. Ankakhulupirira kuti tsamba tiyi ali microflora ena, tizilombo kubala michere zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni angathe oxidizing mankhwala phenolic. Chiphunzitsochi wakale si zifukwa lokha, chifukwa chifukwa cha zatsopano m'mikhalidwe aseptic, anapeza kuti microflora yachilendo zitha kusokoneza akule bwino za ndondomeko nayonso mphamvu.

Kenako kale m'zaka za m'ma XX, michere zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni, ndipo anamaliza anapezeka mu masamba tiyi, ali pa tchire tiyi m'chigawo matalala ndipo zikhoza adamulowetsa pamene kufota. Mu Pophunzira michere imeneyi sungunuka yekha anasonyeza kuti phenoloxidase, mawonekedwe ake sungunuka, kugwira ntchito ofooka, koma kupanga sungunuka peroxidase wofiira ndi zofiirira zakudya ndi ntchito yapamwamba.

Tinaganiza kuphunzira michere padera, chifukwa mu ntchito phenol oxidase anapeza. enzyme Izi ndi insoluble m'madera a pepala ndi sizimapita mu njira m'mikhalidwe mwachizolowezi kuti adatsogola kunena naye opezeka maphunziro kale. Choncho anatulukira insoluble phenoloxidase, amene anali enzyme chachikulu.

Fast ndi wosakwiya nayonso

Nayonso mphamvu ya tiyi mwamsanga ndipo pang'onopang'ono.

Mu ndondomeko ya nayonso mphamvu mofulumira tiyi tsamba processing ikuchitika umakaniko, i.e. ake adagulung'undisa kapena n'kuukanda ndi kuwononga nembanemba selo. Izi zimayambitsa yogwira ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni zimene michere ndi wina ndi mzake.

Pamene ndondomeko nayonso mphamvu pang'onopang'ono, masamba si kuonongeka.

Mwa njira ndi digiri ya tiyi nayonso mphamvu tsamba munalekanitsidwa m'magulu asanu:

• woyera tiyi ;
• wobiriwira tiyi ;
• Oolong tiyi;
• oolong tiyi;
• Black Tiyi.

Utatha la Soviet Union, ulimi wa tiyi mu Russia anakhalabe yekha mu dera Krasnodar.

Chifukwa ndinapulumuka vuto la 90s, ndi ulimi wa tiyi m'dera anayamba ziziyenda, koma kukhala otsika mankhwala -quality ndi mabuku komanso sanali kukwaniritsa mlingo m'mbuyomu. Komabe, sanaleke ntchito za ulimi m'midzi ya processing tiyi ndi fakitale tiyi-wanyamula Adler Dagomys ndipo anasunga Russian olimba "Krasnodarchay".

Ngakhale kuti dothi ndi nyengo ali kutali ndi mulingo woyenera kulima tiyi, mu chigawo cha Sochi m'minda tiyi zatenga za 1.5 zikwi. Mahekitala. Pano chaka kusonkhanitsa matani oposa 4,000 masamba tiyi.