Nikolskaya nsanja ya Moscow Kremlin: history, kufotokoza ndi chidwi mfundo

Kremlin Nikolskaya nsanja - mbali ya lonse mapulani gulu loyimba zokolola Red Square. Pali chipata, zomwe mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 15 anayamba Str. Nikolskaya. Total yomanga kutalika - 70,4 m, ngati inu monga amaveka korona nyenyezi ake. A zambiri chidwi ndi zothandiza kudziwa zina m'nkhaniyi.

deta mbiri

Nikolskaya Tower inamangidwa 1491, chaka. Bukuli linapangidwa ndi Chitaliyana GP Solari. Dzina la kumanga kugwirizana ndi Wonderworker Nicholas, yemwe chizindikiro imakongoletsa wapakamwa kum'mawa.

Pali anthu akatswiri amene amati ponena kuti dzina la chikugwirizana ndi Nikola wakale, amene obisika inali pafupi kwambiri. Mu 1612-mamita zipata za munsanja zapitazi asilikali amene mtsogoleri wotchedwa Dmitry Pozharsky ndi Kuzma Minin, kotero iye anapita pansi mu mbiri.

Mu chaka cha 1737, chaka Nikolskaya Moscow Kremlin nsanja munayamba moto anatentha kwathunthu. Ndi anabwezeretsedwa kuyang'aniridwa ndi I. Michurin. Zikuoneka zokongoletsa mbali Baroque ngati zaka zakubadwa kalembedwe nkhokwe. Mu 1780 dongosolo la kutsirizitsa za ntchito K. Blanc, amene analenga pamwamba pa mawonekedwe wozungulira ndi hema otsika. Mu nthawi 1805-1806 a. apa zinachitikadi kukhazikitsanso lalikulu kuyang'aniridwa ndi A. Ruska ndi A. Bakaev. Pa malo a superstructure pamwamba quadrangular anaonekera Gothic octagon, mkulu hema mwala woyera ndi chokongoletsedwa ndi mitundu wokongola tracery. Ndi chifukwa cha Gothic kalembedwe nsanja ya St. Nicholas ndi zosiyana kwambiri ndi nyumba zina ku boma la Russia.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Mu 1812 izo zinachitikadi kuphulika zinachititsa kuti nyumbayi kwambiri kuonongeka. The culprits anali French, anachoka mu mzindawo. hema anagwa, kuwononga chipata mayendedwe. Osati zitamangiriridwa muyeso ndi chizindikiro Mozhayskogo Nikoly, amene anayesedwa chozizwitsa.

Izi zinali anapezeka Mfumu Alexander I. Ndiye, ndi lamulo lake ikuchitika kubwezeretsedwa kwa Nikolskaya nsanja. Pansi pa nkhope ya woyera unaonekera nsangalabwi zolengeza limene kazembe anapanga zolemba zake. malemba amati kuti chipulumutso cha chithunzichi ndi chifukwa cha chisomo cha Mulungu.

njira kuchepetsa unakhala kuchokera 1816 mpaka zaka 1819-TH. polojekiti kutsogoleredwa ndi wamanga oi Bove, amene anapanga ena zaluso zomangidwa. Chihema mwala woyera m'malo pamaziko a chimango yachitsulo. Pa mphambano za quadrangular anaika Mbale, ndipo zalimbitsa khalidwe Gothic wa nyumbayi. Komanso zodchesky namatetule wake ntchito imeneyi anasonyeza V. Bakarev. Pamene pomwe Nikolskaya Tower wapeza mtundu moyera-. Moyandikana pali tchalitchi Chudotvortsa Nikolaya ndi Alexander Nevsky, amene anamangidwanso nthawi zambiri. Nthawi yotsiriza izo zinachitika mu 1883.

kusintha

Mu October 1917 nyumbayi inali kwambiri kuonongeka chifukwa zida zankhondo shelling. Linadzamangidwanso mu 1918. ndondomeko The anatsogolera N. Markovnikov. White m'malo ndi njerwa, mmene lonse mapulani gulu loyimba.

Board opangidwa ndi nsangalabwi, amene Alexander I kale alembedwa mawu, ankaiphwasula. Mu October 1935, pamwamba pa chihema pa malo a chiwombankhanga ndi mitu iwiri anaika nyenyezi kuti ndi rube theka-mtengo wapatali kusintha mu 1937. Mu ray imodzi 12 lili nkhope.

kuvulazidwa

Nikolskaya Tower (Moscow) wakhala kuonongeka, pamene mu 1917 mumzinda kunayambika nkhondo. Idagwa zipolopolo anawononga chipata kunadetsa pansi. Panthawi imeneyi, chifaniziro cha St. Nicholas analibe mwayi, ndipo anali maonekedwe owonongeka chipolopolo mabowo ndi shrapnel kuwulukira, koma nkhope nakhalabe sanamuvulaze, anangotchula zinthu mozungulira icho. Kumene, ngati mwamwayi amakakamizidwa Muscovites kachiwiri kutsimikizira chifanizo cha chiyero.

Mu iconography anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito fano mafano shelled. Kapangidwe anabwezeretsedwa mu 1919, pamene kukonza anachotsedwa fano. Lokonza pa msinkhu wa zaka chitsanzo ndi kuthetsa kuda osafunika. Mu 1920-1922. murals zithunzi angelo inathetsedwa.

mobwerezabwereza chozizwitsa

Mu April 1918, anali likukonza chikondwerero polemekeza May Day, amene anali chikondwerero kwa nthawi yoyamba ndiye. Wapakamwa ndi chizindikirochi chinsalu yofiira bunting. Khalani Kudziwitsidwa unali mphepo yamphamvu, ndipo anamasula njira maso, akuponyera pa lona. Anthu amene analipo, ankadzinenera kuti panalibe preconditions ngakhale mphepo kuwala, ndipo nsalu anang'amba yekha ngati kugwazidwa lupanga. Lenin analipo ndi CPC, komanso khamu la anthu amene anali wokongola anadabwa pa mwambo.

Pakuti umpteenth nthawi mystique anapeza Nikolskaya Nsanja ya Moscow Kremlin. nkhani Izi kukodzedwa mndandanda olimba a zozizwitsa m'deralo ndipo ngakhale mu manyuzipepala. Inde, zongopeka otchuka zinachitika mwakhama, ndi ena mboni ngakhale ankanena kuti fano kuwala.

kulira pagulu

Apa panadza wogonera, amene inasokonekera asilikali a Red Army. Kulankhula za nkhani kwa nthawi yaitali sinathe. Mayi wina ananena kuti ngakhale pa May 1 anaona Chudotvortsa Nikolaya ndi lupanga lamoto mu dzanja lake, lomwe iye kudula chophimba wofiira. Izi Baibulo lomwelo linatsimikizidwa ndi munthu wina.

Anthu chidwi nkhani, izi ankakolezera yekha ndi mutu waukulu wa kukambirana kumeneko. Kuti mwanjira kulamulira chipwirikiti imeneyi, penyani nthawi kuwomba mfuti mu mlengalenga kumwazikana khamu, amene ndi chidwi mu nsanja ya St. Nicholas. Miseche anathamanga, koma mofulumira anabwerera ku malo awo akale. Tikhon akhala pano - kholo lakale, amene anatumikira pa mapemphero mu mpanda wa Kazan Cathedral. Pamaso pa zipata za pemphero kumulemekeza wa St. Nicholas.

m'matchalitchi kumanga anagwetsa mu 1925 chifukwa kunali koyenera kuti amasule nsanja ku zigawo wakale. Pa 1929 panali anamanga mausoleum mwala. zotsalira Woyera uli mu makoma a matchalitchi, kunditumiza ku malo a kachisi wa St. John Yankhondoyi, limene lili Yakimanka. A mpando anamanga zimbudzi anthu ntchito.

zinthu zatsopano

Nikolskaya nsanja zomangamanga ndi wokongola, koma ndi zinthu zosangalatsa kwambiri apa ndi dzina la wotchuka chizindikiro cha Nikoly Mozhayskogo. Mu 2010, chaka anapeza fano akale amene kwa zaka zambiri anakwiriridwa pansi zigawo za pulasitala. chitetezo ake sipanatenge zikalata.

Pa nkhope wa woyera anapeza pa poona Kyoto. Ndiye kugwira ntchito pa kupereka boma la Russia chikuoneka mbiri. Mu June, pa chipata anaika katawala kwa kwawo. Akatswiri imachitika yopimira imene kunali kotheka kudzaweruza dziko la chizindikirochi.

Kenako anayamba kuchotsa njira ake ndi kuona chithunzi cha woyera mtima. Iwo anali anapeza kuti pamwamba wosanjikiza umagwiritsidwa ntchito zaka 15-16. Ntchito amayenera kukhala wokongola, chifukwa ming'alu ndi ena kuchedwa anapezeka. Pamene nsanja zipolopolo ena pulasitala anagwa, kotero chidina asungidwa ndi theka. Tsopano pali mapulani kwa chilengedwe cha mpanda galasi amateteza fano kwa nyengo siili bwino. Kuti si kudziunjikira mu condensate chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi dongosolo mpweya wabwino.

zotsatira za ntchito

Kubwezeretsedwa inatenga miyezi 3. ntchito kunali kovuta chifukwa chokhala ndi osalimba wa mabukuwo. Kuwonjezera kuda otsala a shrapnel ndi zipolopolo, linalinso ndi hopper, amene wachita projectile. Iwo anasiya chizindikiro moto awo kuti watentha Ages Middle. Zigawo superimposed m'zaka za m'ma 19, anachoka I. Grabar mu 1918. Pulasitala zoipa chikoka pa kupenta, utoto ndi othinana. Mwamwayi, ine olimba kukonzekera zojambula, amene anayesa recreate onse.

The dzanja lamanzere unali ankamangidwanso ku zolemba zomwe zinalengedwa ndi utoto anonymous mlengi wa zaka zana la 16. Only kanjedza zili ndi kusintha pang'ono sayansi, chifukwa panalibe gwero kuphunzira mmene kuchita chinthu cholondola.

Ndi chinsinsi, ndi tsiku la chilengedwe la fano, chifukwa anali kusintha kwambiri m'zaka 17-19th. Lokonza inanena kuti ankadalira mawonekedwe adali mu nkhope za m'ma 17.