Nkhondo Yaikulu kumpoto 1700-1721: zochitika zazikulu, magawo ndi zisudzo

Great kumpoto Nkhondo ya 1700-1721. Motsatizana pafupifupi kotala atumwi, osati kokha nthawi yachiwiri m'mbiri ya boma Russian, komanso anasintha zamoyo zina m'bwalo lonse. Russia ali osati anapeza ukhale kwa Nyanja Baltic ndi kuonjezera m'gawo lake, koma nawonso anasamuka ku Mulingo wa mayiko amphamvu, amene tsopano anali kuonedwa kuti dziko.

mfundo yachilendo ya Peter Ine, zimayambitsa nkhondo

Ngakhale kuti Tsar Peter anakwezedwa wachifumu mwamsanga zaka khumi, wodzala ndi impso anatenga pa yekha mu 1689. Ndi nthawi iyi mu Grand ofesi ya kazembe wa mfumu sanafa anakwanitsa kufika kunja kwa Russia ndi amaona kusiyana. M'zaka 1695-1696 kuposa odziwa zinthu zisinthe Tsar anaganiza kuyeza okha ndi Ottoman ndipo anayamba yokopa Azov. Ena zolinga akhala anafika, izo anagwidwa ndi linga la Azov, amailamulira wotetezedwa malire a kum'mwera a boma, koma kuti muwone zonse kwa Black Sea Peter analephera.

Kukonzanso asilikali ndi kupanga zombo ano, Peter ndinaganiza kubwerera kudziko lawo komanso amatha kukhala ndi nyanja ya Baltic tizitsatira Russia mphamvu apanyanja. Ingria ndi Karelia, omwe anakanidwa ndi Swedish ngakhale mu nthawi nkhawa, musataye mpumulo wa mfumu-wokonzanso. Panali chochitika china - kwambiri "ozizira phewa" mu Riga Russian nthumwi lotsogoleredwa ndi Peter. Choncho, nkhondo kumpoto 1700-1721, zochitika zazikulu amene anatembenuka kalekale dziko lonse, kwa Russia osati kusankha andale, komanso za ulemu.

Chiyambi cha nkhondoyo

Mu 1699 iye anali kupereka kumpoto Alliance pakati pa Polish-Chilituyaniya Commonwealth, Denmark, Saxony, ndi Russian kumwamba. Cholinga cha wosonkhana kufooketsa Sweden, limodzi la Mphamvu za otchuka pa nthawi. Aliyense dziko kuchita zinthu zake ndipo anali zonena Kupititsa ndi asilikali a Sweden. Great kumpoto nkhondo 1700-1721 mwachidule kugawidwa m'mbali zinayi zikuluzikulu.

Nthawi 1700-1706 gg. - woyamba ndi bwino kwambiri Russia. Mu 1700 kunali nkhondo yoyamba ya Narva, pamene asilikali Russian anagonjetsedwa. Ndiye kanthu asilikali linachoka mmanja mwa adani. Mu 1706, ku Russia anagonjetsa Swedish-Polish asilikali pansi Kalisz. Peter ndinayesa mwa onse kusiya ogwirizana mu August II - Mfumu ya Commonwealth, koma mfumu ya ku Sweden akadali anagawa mgwirizano. Russia ndekha ndi zombo amphamvu ndi ankhondo a Charles XII.

Gawo lachiwiri la nkhondo Kumpoto

Nkhondo Yaikulu kumpoto 1700-1721, zochitika zazikulu zomwe imakhudzana ndi otsutsa okha asilikali Swedish-Russian ndi fleets anasamukira ku siteji yotsatira. 1707 -1709 zaka. Iwo akhoza kukhala gawo lachiwiri la Chirasha Swedish nkhondo anafotokoza. Inasanduka zinasintha. Aliyense wa mbali chikumenyana ndi kumanga mphamvu zawo: chinawonjezeka kukula kwa asilikali ndi zida. Karl XII anali lingaliro kugwila m'madera ena Russian. Koma pamapeto ndimafuna kwathunthu dismember Russia.

Russian Tsar Zikatero, kulota limati Baltic ndiponso kufala kwa m'madera awo. Komabe, vuto lonse woyanjidwa mdani. United Ufumu si ankathandiza kuti Russia ndi m'zonse m'bwalo lonse kupereka thandizo ndale Sweden. Great kumpoto Nkhondo ya 1700-1721. Inasanduka yotopetsa kwa mbali zonse, koma pa zolimbitsa armistice palibe olamulira a sudalingane.

Kupita ku malire a Russia, asilikali Swedish litatenga dera akutali, kukonzekera kusamukira ku Smolensk. Mu August 1708 asilikali a Sweden zowawa kulephera angapo mwatsatanetsatane ndipo anaganiza zopita ku Ukraine, mothandizidwa ndi Hetman Ivan Mazepa. Koma ambiri osauka Chiyukireniya ndi Cossacks chabe ndazindikira asilikali a Sweden monga aggressors ndi, powapatsa kukana konsekonse. Mu June 1709 kunali nkhondo ya Poltava, omwe anakhala kunasintha nkhondo. Peter Ine ndi akazembe ake anagonjetsa asilikali a Sweden. Charles ndi Mazepa anathawira ku Turkey, koma kusaina agonje. Choncho, nkhondo kumpoto 1700-1721, zochitika zazikulu zomwe zinachitika pa dera la Russia, Sweden kwenikweni anataya.

Nthawi yachitatu ya nkhondoyo

Kuyambira 1710-1718 gg. gawo lachitatu la nkhondo pakati pa maiko awiri. Zochitika za Kumpoto Nkhondo ya 1700-1721. nthawi imeneyi kunalibe zochepa kwambiri. Mu 1710, iwo adapitiriza linakhalapo kumpoto Alliance. Ndipo Sweden, nayenso akanakhala kuloŵa mu nkhondo pa Turkey. Mu 1710 izo kulengeza nkhondo pa Russia, potero akuchedwa khamu lalikulu okha ndiponso osalola Peter anakantha mwachamuna asilikali a Sweden.

Pa kwambiri, stepi ino angatchedwe nthawi ya nkhondo zamtendere, kuyambira nkhondo yaikulu amachitika masamba a. Great Britain anali kuyesera kuti kufooketsa Russia ndi iwo kwa awalande Europe. Ndipo Russia, azungu kukhazikitsa ojambula ndale ndi France. Mu 1718, pangano mtendere akhoza anasaina, koma imfa yadzidzidzi ya Charles XII pa Kuzinga m'nyengo Norway, zinachititsa kusintha kwa mfumu, ndipo kwa nthawi ndithu anakankhira kusaina mtendere. Choncho, nkhondo kumpoto 1700-1721, mwachidule ndi conventionally kugawidwa mu magawo 4, sanalonjeze chigonjetso mu Sweden mwamsanga 1718, koma Mfumukazi Ulrika Eleonora anali kuyembekezera thandizo kunja.

Mbali yomaliza ya ntchito asilikali a nkhondo Kumpoto

Mbali yomaliza ya ntchito asilikali - 1718-1721 gg. - olemba mbiri amafotokozedwa kuti nthawi chabe. Yogwira Nkhondo mu siinkachitidwa kwa zaka zitatu. Kulowa mu UK nkhondo kumbali ya Sweden anapereka chidaliro otsiriza kupambanaku zotheka. Pofuna kupereka Russia kufalikira m'mayiko Baltic anthu padziko lonse anali wokonzeka kuti akuchedwa nkhondo asilikali. Koma lenileni asilikali British analibe mbali, ndi Russian zombo anagonjetsa zilumba za Saaremaa ndi Grengam komanso yokopa angapo bwino anatumiza asilikali Russian. Zotsatira zake zinali kusaina Pangano la Nystad.

The zotsatira za nkhondo Kumpoto

Great kumpoto nkhondo 1700-1721, zochitika zazikulu zomwe zinachititsa kuti kugonjetsedwa kotheratu kwa Sweden, wakhala "zenera Europe", zimene zinabweretsa osati Russia kuti gawo lina lonse, komanso apeza mpata kupikisana pa dziko lonse ndi anayamba hegemony European.

Ufumu wa Russia Russia anakhala ufumu. Russia wapeza kuzindikira m'bwalo lonse. Kuika mbadwa Russian gawo ndi mwayi ku Baltic States zinachitika. Ndipo zotsatira zake zinali kukhazikitsidwa kwa midzi, kuphatikizapo St. Petersburg. N'zochititsa chidwi kuchuluka lingathe panyanja ya boma. Russia wakhala chipani msika lonse.