Ojambula zithunzi Chiyukireniya 18, 19, zaka 20 komanso masiku ano, zojambula zawo

Mu penti chikhalidwe Chiyukireniya anapulumuka zonse Baroque masitepe rococo ndi odziwika. amadza ichi kale ana awiri zithunzi 1652 B. Khmelnitsky, Timoteo ndi Rosand. Komabe Chiyukireniya kupenta kalembedwe koyamba yosiyanasiyana ndi disparities luso.

Chiyukireniya chikhalidwe mu theka lachiwiri la 17 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 18

Ambiri mwa zithunzi ofunda (parsuna) Cossack Wapolisiyo amene anapulumuka, lolembedwa ndi amisiri Cossacks m'derali Komabe, anatha kupereka maganizo ndi khalidwe ankafotokozedwa akulu. About Cossack luso ojambula zithunzi zimathandizadi Paulo analemba Aleppo pakati pa zaka za m'ma 17.

Mpaka tsopano, mwatsoka, izo zafika zochepa za zojambula, amene analenga Chiyukireniya ojambula zithunzi za m'ma 18. Mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma 17. Wapanga sukulu ya amisiri mafano. Zitsanzo wotchuka ndi zojambula za Akukwera Cathedral ndi Utatu Chipata mpingo Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra, ndi yofewa, pastel mtundu wa kulemba. Zimamvekera anamaliza mizere yosalala inaimika oonera angapo melancholic maganizo, kuyesera kuthandizira pa umoyo wa maganizo. Komabe, zithunzi zochititsa chidwi monga "Kuchotsedwa kwa amalonda a ku kachisi", makamaka powonekera akukhumba, kukhazikitsidwa kusamutsa lothandiza lolingana chiwawa chipwirikiti voteji. Otchulidwa frescoes chithunzi anapumira thupi ndi maganizo, kayendedwe anataya zonse kudziletsa ndi zambiri anatsindika maganizo okwera.

Ndi Kiev-Pechersk luso situdiyo kumakhaladi ovomerezeka, chitsanzo m'madera ena onse a Ukraine.

kachisi kupenta

Khalidwe chigawo chimodzi kachisi kupenta amakhala pamene otchedwa ktitorskih chithunzi. Churchwarden (wamba - mkuluyo) wotchedwa oyambitsa, opindula ndi Atetezi kwa mpingo makamaka, komanso akulu a mpingo zosatha (mutu wa bungwe parishi). Mu Kiev mipingo kwa oyang'anira nkhani zawo zinali kwambiri. Pa guwa la mpingo wa Dormition Kiev-Pechersk Lavra Kusokoneza ake 85 kanjedza mbiri amaonetsa mu 1941 - kuchokera akalonga a Kievan Lazaro pamaso pa Petro I (zikuonekeratu kuti si onse). Inviolable akuonetsedwa mkulu mpingo wolowezana, koma kuyandikira kwa nthawi kuti anali wotchuka, ndi zithunzi zioneke bwino kwambiri anayamba akuti ndi umunthu zimaonekera nkhope zawo.

Waukulu ulemerero tiri mu nthawi ya Baroque iconostasis mpingo, kumene chizindikirochi anaikidwa mu zinayi, kapena ngakhale mizere asanu. Yotchuka kwambiri ya kupulumuka Baroque iconography wa mtundu uwu ndi iconostasis wa Mpingo wa Mzimu Woyera mu Rohatyn, wotchedwa Galicia (m'ma 17 c.) Ndipo mpingo-kachisi Hetman D. Apostol mu Mhar (zoyambirira za m'ma 18.). Pachimake cha chizindikiro-penti easel kupenta kwa zaka za m'ma 17. pali Bohorodchany (Manyavsky) iconostasis, limene lakonzedwa kwa zaka 1698-1705. Job Kondzelevichem mbuye. Apa, latsopano chinaonekeranso zithunzi za makolo m'Baibulo. Iwo amaonetsera anthu enieni moyo, wodzala ndi mphamvu, ngakhale zovala wamba.

oyambirira ndithu mu kugwa kwa zinthu iconography wa kalembedwe Rococo, zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito yogwira ophunzira Lavra luso msonkhano monga zojambula chitsanzo, makolo a French Rococo Watteau ndi Boucher, naperekanso kusonkhanitsa Album wophunzirayo. zithunzi Rococo akubweretsa lightness kwambiri ndi gallantry, anati khalidwe zazing'ono, pali mafashoni kwa akazi parsuna kuphedwa.

Chitukuko cha luso chakale mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma 17

Mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma 17 anayamba mkuwa chosema. Graverstva chitukuko zinachitika mogwirizana kwambiri ndi nkhani mfundozo wophunzira, zofuna kusindikiza komanso eulogies malamulo. Komabe, mwa ntchito Tarasevich abale ndi anzawo kenako angapezeke osati yapamwamba nyimbo yophiphiritsa yakale komanso chipembedzo, komanso zimathandizadi graverskie zina zachidule a mitunda, nyengo ndi ntchito ya zaulimi. Mu 1753 Mfumukazi Elizabeth inaika lamulo: anyamata atatu Chiyukireniya bwalo tchalitchi, amene anataya mavoti oponyedwa pa sayansi ndi zopeka. Izi anyamata anali tsogolo odziwika bwino Chiyukireniya ojambula zithunzi Cyril Golovachevsky, Ivan ndi Anton Sabluchok Losenko. Aliyense wa iwo wapanga chopereka kwambiri kutukula luso tingachipeze powerenga.

maphunziro Art ku Ukraine mu theka lachiwiri la 19 - m'ma 20

Professional luso kulenga yokonza ojambula zithunzi Chiyukireniya m'ma XIX zinachitika pa St. Petersburg Academy of Tirhana na otchuka pa nthawi ya sukulu European apamwamba luso, lomwe anthu amatsimikiza anaikidwa pa classicism maphunziro. Mu mawu a aesthetics, izo akanatha kulenga kukana kutukula luso la Ukraine, kulenga kusiyana pakati wotchuka ndi "lolemera" luso.

Best Art zojambula aluso Chiyukireniya kwa zaka za m'ma 19 anapereka kubwera ochokera maphunziro, ndipo kwenikweni Shevchenko, kenako naye Napoleon Buyalsky Maria Raevskaya-Ivanov, Nicholas ndi dzina lake Aleksandr Muravevy, Ilya Repin, neri Al., Amene ankafuna kuti akonze sukulu dziko zaluso . Center chitukuko cha moyo chikhalidwe ndi luso anali Kiev. Pambuyo chiyambi cha mapangidwe okhazikika sukulu luso. Kiev kujambula sukulu anali mmodzi wa mabungwe koyamba luso, wachita yofunika kwambiri mu kukula zaluso zabwino Ukraine. Nthawi zina tinaphunzira Levitan, Vrubel, Serov, K. Krizhitsky, S. Yaremich etc. The sukulu analandira koyamba luso maphunziro odziwika ojambula zithunzi :. G. Dyachenko, Murashko, Kostenko, I. Izhakevich, G. Svetlitsky, Alberto Moravia.

Art sukulu kupereka maphunziro ochuluka kulenga zosemasema. Pamene bungwe nyumbayi ngakhale anakhazikitsa, omwe analandira zina zachidule zosiyanasiyana ndi zojambula za Repin, Kramskoy, Shishkin, Perov, Aivazovsky, Myasoedova, Savitsky, Orlovsky ndi ena School aphunzitsi ntchito njira nzeru zofunika pogwiritsa anali kuchita kujambula kwa chikhalidwe, kusunga okhwima mfundo. "ku kuwala - kuti zovuta zambiri", kuonetsetsa munthu njira, kuphatikiza organic kukonzekera mwapadera ndi ambiri maphunziro, ndiko kuti, kuchuluka kuganizira kukula kwa bwino maphunziro zaluso.

bungwe anathandiza M. Murashko School Professor Pavlov, wotchuka Russian malo, PP Semenov-Tyan-Shan, komanso ngati wokhometsa m'dera W. Tarnowski ndi Tereshchenko. aphunzitsi kusukulu odziwa panthawi zosiyanasiyana anali M. Vrubel, I. Seleznev, V. Fabricius, Kostenko neri Al. M. Murashko School analipo mpaka 1901, kotero kuti ophunzira ndi mwayi kukhala ndi maluso awo achilengedwe, kenako luso maphunziro. Ana anali tsogolo la luso sukulu odziwika ojambula zithunzi Chiyukireniya Volokidin P., P. Aleshin, M. Verbitsky, V.Zabolotnyi, Rykov, F. Krichevsky, C. Trofimenko Shovkunenko ndi ena. Maphunziro Art ku Ukraine mu theka lachiwiri la 19- TH - oyambirira 20 TH Art. Umaimilira sukulu inali ku Odessa, Kiev ndi Kharkov.

Chiyukireniya luso 19 mochedwa - m'ma 20

Makamaka otchuka malo pa luso Chiyukireniya limabweretsa Shevchenko, amene m'chaka cha 1844 maphunziro St. Petersburg Academy of Tirhana, anali wophunzira wa Karl Bryullov, wolemba wa kupenta wotchuka "masiku otsiriza a Pompeii." Shevchenko analenga mndandanda wa zojambula za moyo wamba ( "Gypsy kulosera", "Mayi", "m'mphawi Banja" ndi zina zotero. D.). Ndakatulo ndi luso cholowa Shevchenko anali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa chitukuko cha chikhalidwe Chiyukireniya ndi luso makamaka. Izo kumatanthauza lathu demokalase amene bwino akamagwiritsa ntchito ya omaliza Zhemchuzhnikova L. ndi K. Trutovsky Petersburg Academy of Tirhana. Konstantin Trutovsky imatchedwanso mafanizo ake kuti ntchito za Gogol, Shevchenko, Marko Vovchok, monga iwo anagwidwa yonena Chiyukireniya wojambula Taras Shevchenko.

M'tsogolo, patsogolo mbuye nawo malingaliro analengedwa mu 1870, "Association Yoyendayenda Art yoonetsa" ndipo atsogoleri: I. Kramskoy, Surikov, Repin, V. Perov. Kutenga chitsanzo cha Russian "Wanderers", aluso Chiyukireniya anafuna mu ntchito yake ntchito chenicheni chinenero luso amene akumvetsa anthu, ndi kusonyeza zojambula ake okhala m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana. Kwenikweni, analengedwa "Society of South Russian ojambula" mu Odessa, amene zimayesetsa ntchito chionetsero.

Luso ulemerero ndi mkulu Kuzindikira chibadidwe zojambula ndi Nikolaya Pimonenko. Amadziwika kuti ntchito yake "Kuona kulemba anthu usilikali", "haymaking", "Otsutsa", "matchmakers." ndi mtundu wanyimbo m'mbiri yakale anasonyeza talente yake Murashko. Iye ndi woyambitsa wa kupenta wotchuka "pamaliro Koshevogo" kwa chithunzi chapakati amene anafunsa Staritskiy. Mu malo kupenta anasonyeza talente wamkulu Sergei Vasilkovsky, amene ntchito ndi yogwirizana ndi dera Kharkiv. Iye anatsegula kupenta Chiyukireniya Europe, kumene iye analemekeza kuonetsa zojambula wake mu Paris Salon "mu dongosolo". A chodabwitsa wapadera mu dziko la chisunzo anayamba seascapes seascape zojambulajambula Ivan Aivazovsky. Maka zotsatira za madzulo chinali kupenta "Night pa Dnieper" Arkhip Kuindzhi. ambuye lalikulu la kupenta malo anali Chiyukireniya ojambula zithunzi za m'ma 19: S. Svetoslavsky, K. Kostandi, V. Orlov, I. Pokhitonov.

Zonse adasunga ubale wake ndi Ukraine, Ilya Repin, amene anabadwa mu Chuguev mu Slobozhanschyna. Mwa mabuku ambiri a mbuye kwambiri lofunika kwambiri, kupenta wake "The Cossacks kulemba kalata kwa Sultan." Pakuti ichi udindo wa Cossack kalaliki wasonyeza pakati pa lona, ndi wojambula kunali mnzake Dmitriy Ivanovich Yavornitsky, amene anapereka moyo wake kuphunzira mbiri ya Cossacks ndi wotchedwa chifukwa Nestor Zaporizhzhya Sich. Ataman Ivan Sirko ndi chithunzi amaonetsera General Mikhail Dragomirov.

Wotchedwa Galicia moyo wa moyo dziko luso anali wodziwa wojambula (lyric malo ndi chithunzi), Ivan Trush, mwana Dragomanova. Iye ndi woyambitsa wa zithunzi za otchuka chikhalidwe Chiyukireniya Franko, V. Stefanik, Lysenko ndi ena.

Choncho, onse a chikhalidwe cha Ukraine zinachitika mogwirizana kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe pang'onopang'ono kwa anthu Russian.

Chithunzi mu 30s kwa zaka za m'ma 20

Mu zaka 30 aluso Chiyukireniya anapitiriza kukhala malo osiyanasiyana ganizo luso. Classic zojambula F. Krichevsky Chiyukireniya ( "Opambana Wrangell"), komanso malo amisiri Karp Trokhymenko ( "ogwira Dnieper", "Kiev doko" "Pa koposa", "Morning ulimi") ndi Nicholas Burachek ( "apulo mitengo Blossom" "Golden yophukira", "Mitambo imene yatsala", "njira yotsogolera ku munda", "kunayamba ndi moans lonse Dnieper"), zomwe mwaluso kubereka boma la chilengedwe, malingana ndi maonekedwe dzuwa kuyatsa. zikayenda chidwi luso Chiyukireniya nthawi imeneyi imakhudzana ndi chitukuko cha chithunzi mtundu wanyimbo, kudzera mwa ojambula zithunzi monga Peter Volokidin ( "Chithunzicho wa mkazi Chithunzi" "Chithunzi cha woimba Zoi Gayday"), Alex Shovkunenko ( ". Chithunzi cha mtsikana Nina"), Nikolai Glushchenko ( " chithunzi cha Romain Rolland "). Panthawi imeneyi, zinthu zikuyenda bwino Bilokur wojambula Catherine (1900-1961). The mchitidwe kupenta ake - maluwa, iwo apanga zikuchokera okongola kwambiri. Penti "Maluwa a mpanda", "Maluwa pa maziko buluu", "Komabe Moyo ndi makutu a tirigu ndi mtsuko wa" captivate osakaniza weniweni ndi wosangalatsa, lingaliro la chiyanjano, zosiyanasiyana mitundu, wosakhwima unsembe wa kuphedwa. Ndi inalowa kwa Transcarpathia Chiyukireniya 1945 chiwerengero cha amisiri Chiyukireniya anagwirizana Adalbert Erdelyi ( "The wopalidwa ubwenzi", "Mkazi"), khola taonani Glück ( "odula mitengo"), Fedor Manaylo ( 'On msipu "). Transcarpathian luso kusukulu chibadidwe chikhalidwe akatswiri coloristic chuma kufufuza kulenga.

Zojambula za Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

Mmodzi wa ŵa Chiyukireniya easel kupenta anakhalabe Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo kwa nthawi yaitali. Ojambula zithunzi utoto ungwazi wa asirikali, pathos wa nkhondo. Komabe, kulemba ndi nzeru zaumunthu zojambula: "Namwino" Askhat SAFARGALIN, "Mu Dzina la Moyo" Aleksandra Hmelnitskogo, "Len limamasula" Vasily Gurin. Anthu ambiri aluso anapitiriza chitukuko cha luso Chiyukireniya, kuyesera kupereka kutanthauzira lawo munthu ndi ntchito za Great Kobzar Mikhail Mulungu "maganizo anga, maganizo" ndi zina zotero. Kunyada chikhalidwe Chiyukireniya inali ntchito ya wojambula Tatyana Yablonska (1917-2005). Ngakhale mu nthawi pambuyo nkhondo T. Yablonsky analenga munthu zojambula bwino za nthawi - "Mkate". Zojambulazo wa m'nyengo yoyambirira ya wojambula - "Spring", "pa Dnieper," "Amayi" - anapanga mwambo bwino maphunziro, wodzala ndi kayendedwe, kumverera ndi ufulu wokongola.

Chithunzi mu 50s kwa zaka za m'ma 20

Cha m'ma 50 ntchentche mu Ukraine ali penapake wofooka kuthamanga maganizo pa zinthu aluso. Ngakhale kugwilizana ndi "mfundo za Kuzindikira zokomera" anali kuvomerezedwa kwa ojambula zithunzi Soviet, malire ake yopapatiza wakulitsidwa. Mu luso zithunzi chawonjezeka poyerekeza ndi nthawi yapita ufulu kusankha zimenezi yomasulira kapangidwe luso, akudzizindikiritsa adzadziwire dziko. Ambiri Chiyukireniya ojambula zithunzi anafuna kuchoka moyo molunjika mmwamba, natembenukira kwa mafano ukuimira kutanthauzira ndakatulo za dziko lakalelo. Iwo poetizatsiya ndi limodzi mwa mumaganiza kutsogolera mu zosiyanasiyana luso. Nthawiyi amakhala ndi kufunafuna mizu dziko. Chiyukireniya ojambula zithunzi za m'ma 20 anatembenukira kwa zifanizo za otchuka wa mbiri, chikhalidwe, ndi kuphunzira wowerengeka luso, miyambo. zofunika kwambiri wakhala yaikulu ndi kukongoletsa luso, zimene kufunafuna kuyesera molimba mtima. Mwa pachiyambi: DniproHES (Dnieper), 18 chidwi ntchito za Chiyukireniya yaikulu - papezeka galasi triptych pa University National lapansi. Shevchenko, zithunzi "Academy 17 v." The Institute of Physics ongolankhula, kumapeto mkati mwa Palace wa ana ndi achinyamata ku Kiev, ndi zina zotero.

Chithunzi mu 60s kwa zaka za m'ma 20

Mu 1960 oyambirira chithunzicho T. Yablonsky amatanthauza wowerengeka luso, zomwe zinachititsa kuti anasintha ake luso ( "Indian Malimwe", "Swans", "Mkwatibwi", "Paper Maluwa", "Chilimwe"). zojambula Awa ndi chibadidwe planar kutanthauzira, plasticity ndi limaonetseratu silhouette, nyumba mtundu pa chiŵerengero cha mitundu ukonde sonorous.

Amakhudza zilandiridwenso Transcarpathian wojambula Fedor Manaylo (1910-1978), amene nkhondo isanayambe anali mmodzi wa ojambula zithunzi zabwino European. Pa panayambira amafufuza kulenga ya wojambula - khalidwe la Carpathians ndi zinthu za moyo national: .. "The Ukwati", "kadzutsa", "Mu nkhalango", "Dzuwa kamphindi," "Mapiri, zigwa," etc. F. Manaylo anali mlangizi pa m'ndandanda wa kanema Kuchokera . Parajanov "Mthunzi wa makolo aiwala", umene kudzera zopereka zake, wakhala makamaka limaonetseratu ndi ethnographic molondola.

Mzimu wa kuyesera, gravitating kwa mwambo chikhalidwe European losiyana Lviv Art School. Ngati sukulu amakhala ndi maganizo kwabasi Carpathian, ndiye kuti Lviv - kalembedwe likutipatsa wa ntchito, zimachita ndi nzeru. oimira zoonekeratu m'madera amenewa nthawi ndi wotchuka Chiyukireniya ojambula zithunzi: Zinovy mwala ( "Yophukira", "Indian Malimwe", "Nyimbo Zamalimba zokoma za Bach," "M'mbuyo"), Lyubomir Medved akutchula (mkombero "The woyamba minda losonkhanitsidwa ku Lviv" triptych "The kwawo," " fluidity nthawi "ndipo m. p.). Ndi malo wopambana kwambiri pa luso zitsulo ntchito aluso amenewa chithunzi mtundu wanyimbo. Zithunzi za kanjedza chikhalidwe L. Nyamuliranani (Lesia Ukrainka S.Lyudkevych, Gogol, Tolstoy) Pokopeka njila choyambirira kuphedwa zosayembekezereka, kapangidwe compositional, kuya ndi exacerbation kwambiri mafano.

Choyambirira wojambula Valentin Zadorozhnyj (1921-1988) ankagwira ntchito ku Mitundu yosiyanasiyana - yaikulu ndi easel kupenta, kujambula, amapereka, woodcarving. Chithunzicho ntchito mwakuya kusintha malamulo miyambo yabwino luso wowerengeka kwambiri kumvetsetsa ndizosowa chikhalidwe dziko; ndi kupenta "wakeyu Churay", "Zazipembedzo chakudya", "Chuchinskaya Orans", "Mkate Daily", "ndipo adzakhala ndi mwana ndi mayi ..." ndi zithumwa ena machulukitsidwe ndi kusiyana mitundu, mizere limaonetseratu, kayimbidwe kotani zosavuta, kukongoletsa phokoso.

Chithunzicho Ivana Marchuka ntchito unkagwiritsidwa madera osiyana luso njira (kuchokera Kuzindikira kuti surrealism ndi abstraction); Mitundu (zithunzi, mitunda ndi zi- choyambirira zikuchokera ngati maloto). Mu zojambula ake zapiringizana miyambo ndi luso, mankhwala onse ndi zozama maziko "pachimake", "maluwa Planet", "The Lost Music", "kukula", "Liwu la moyo wanga", "Last mtengo", "mwezi anakwera pa Dnieper" "Monthly usiku" ndi ena. mwa ntchito zambiri mwa chithunzicho limatisonyeza kupenta "kudzutsidwa" imene zitsamba ndi maluwa aona nkhope ya mkazi wokongola, wochepa ake chimaonekera dzanja. Izi - Ukraine, amene lingathandize kwa nthawi yaitali kugona lolemera.

Ukraine ali ndi maganizo kunyadira ndipo Amisiri :. Mary Primachenko, Praskovya Vlasenko Elizaveta Mironova, Ivan Skolozdra, Tatiana Pato, Fedor nyimbo, etc. Pa nthawi, French wojambula Pablo Picasso anachita chidwi ndi ntchito ya M. Primachenko. Iye analenga dziko wake limene iwo akukhala zolengedwa wosangalatsa, Makhalidwe a nthano maluwa ngati atapatsidwa moyo wa munthu ( "The Ukwati", "Tchutchi", "maluwa", "Magpies - woyera amaganiza", "Atatu agogo", "Wild Otter mbalame anamugwira" "The nkhondo" ndi ena).

Luso la za m'ma 20 mochedwa

Time a miyeso yolinganizira latsopano mu mbiri ya Chiyukireniya raznotvorcheskogo luso tinganene kuti kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 20. Mapangidwe zimachitika palokha analenga chikhalidwe chatsopano ndi vuto kulenga Ukraine. Wapita mfundo za Kuzindikira zokomera, aluso Chiyukireniya anayamba kugwira ntchito zinthu ufulu wa zilandiridwenso. Art yoonetsa, umene unachitika pa nthawi, anasonyeza mkulu kulenga angathe luso Chiyukireniya, kuchuluka kwake, kuli mwa iwo madera osiyana, maonekedwe ndi njira akuti mimba luso. Chiyukireniya luso la m'ma 20 mochedwa. umatchedwa "New Wave", anatenga Chiyukireniya avant-garde kayendedwe ka 10-20-ntchentche, koma apitiriza kukhala izo pansi zinthu zatsopano.

Modern Chiyukireniya ojambula zithunzi ndi zojambula zawo sizikugwirizana mu chimango umodzi kalembedwe, malangizo kapena njira. m'badwo wamkulu wa ambuye amakonda miyambo zimathandizadi luso. Wakhala abstraction wamba (Tiberiy Silvashi, Aleksei Zhyvotkov Peter Malyshko, Oleg Tistol Alexander Dubovik, Alexander Budnikov neri Al.). Koma mbali yaikulu ya makono Chiyukireniya luso ndi osakaniza wophiphiritsa ndi umboni njira luso (Viktor Ivanov, Vasily Khodakovsky Oleg bwino, Andrey Bludov, Nikolai Butkovskiy Alexei Vladimirov neri Al.).

Latsopano Chiyukireniya Art

Modern Chiyukireniya luso unakopedwa chimakono Western. Surrealism (ku French "nadrealizm.") - mmodzi wa mafunde yaikulu ya luso avant-garde, izo zinayambira mu France mu 20s lapansi. Malinga ndi theorist mkulu wa surrealism A. Chiburetoni, cholinga chake - kuthetsa kutsutsana pakati pa maloto ndi chenicheni. Njira kukwaniritsa zimenezi ndi osiyanasiyana: Chiyukireniya ojambula zithunzi ndi zojambula zawo ndi zolondola Zithunzi akuonetsedwa zithunzi wopanda maganizo, zidutswa analenga zinthu bwino ndi zolengedwa zachilendo.

Uthenga ulalikidwa-luso (ndinu kuwala chidule English.) - chifukwa umboni luso, otchuka mu West mu 60s lapansi. ntchito uthenga ulalikidwa-luso zimamangidwa pa zotsatira za zolakwa, ndi masankhidwe a mosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu umalimbana kulenga kuphidikuka kwa diso kuyenda.

Pop luso (chidule English. Popular luso) unachokera mu United States ndi Britain, mchikakamizo cha chikhalidwe misa. Chitsime cha zithunzi akhala okhala otchuka, malonda ndi mankhwala mafakitale. Single-siteji zochitika pa luso kupenta Pop zina limatsindika njira chokhala zotsatira za zithunzi.

Conceptualism, cilamulo luso (pa lingaliro Latin, lingaliro.) - malangizo kutsogolera luso 60s Western. Chikhutiro cha nthumwi zake, lingaliro (mfundo), kupanga maziko a ntchito, ali ndi ubwino kudzidalira ndipo anaika pamwamba luso. zosiyanasiyana njira angagwiritsidwe ntchito chimake cha chiphunzitso cha: malemba, mapu, zithunzi, mavidiyo ndi zina zotero.

mankhwala akhoza kuonetsa ku zomera kapena kulengedwa "pansi", mwachitsanzo, malo achilengedwe, nthawi zina amakhala chigawo ake. Mu njira iyi chithunzicho Zimalepheretsa maganizo chikhalidwe udindo wa olemba a luso. Kuika zinthu payekha anakonza danga anakonzeratu kupanga luso lonse ndipo nthawi zambiri anaikira zikutipatsa yeniyeni. ntchito ngati zimenezi sizingathetsedwe kunditumiza ku malo ena, chifukwa zachilengedwe ndi mbali ofanana.

Magwiridwe (ku lingaliro English.) - ndi chodabwitsa luso yogwirizana kuvina ndi ntchito ed. Pop chinenero luso luso ndi kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito yake ngati ojambula zithunzi Chiyukireniya, Stepan Ryabchenko, Ilya Chichkan, Masha Shubina Marina Talyutto Ksenia Gnilitskaya, Victor Melnychuk ndi ena.

Chiyukireniya postmodernism

Assemblage - chiyambi cha ntchito luso la zipangizo atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena si zopeka ndi otchedwa anapeza zinthu - tsiku ndi tsiku zinthu wamba. Imachokera collage - njira, imene pepala, nsalu, etc. akuyang'ana lathyathyathya pamwamba ... Assemblage luso chimabweretsa ndi Pablo Picasso kumayambiriro 20 c., Pakati pa Chiyukireniya ojambula zithunzi phwando assemblage chimagwiritsidwa ntchito A. Archipenko, Ivan Ermilov, Baranov neri Al. Modern Chiyukireniya ojambula zithunzi pano kulenga ndondomeko mu Ukraine, ndi kufanizira ndi West amatchedwa nyengo postmodern (ie a positi chimakono). Postmodernism mu luso zithunzi amatikumbutsa zidutswa intricately wosanganiza ya masitaelo yapita, mumaganiza mtima, amene chingakhale chopanda phindu kuyang'ana, osachepera, zizindikiro wholeness. Chiyukireniya postmodernism zambiri sankakhala kapena zenizeni plagiarism zitsanzo Western.