Purotoni misa

Pamene iwo ankakhulupirira kuti unit zing'onozing'ono kapangidwe ka chinthu chilichonse - molekyulu. Ndiye, Kutulukira ndi wamphamvu kwambiri microscopes, anthu anadabwa kupeza mfundo atomu - maselo gulu particles. Zingatanthauze kuti kuli? Nthawiyi, ngakhale patapita anasonyeza kuti atomu nayenso tichipeza zinthu zing'onozing'ono.

M'zaka za m'ma 20 oyambirira sayansi British Rutherford Ernest anatsegula pamaso pa mtima atomiki - ndondomeko chapakati, mphindi chinali chiyambi cha kulowezana kwa atulukira wosatha za mchitidwe structural wa unit zing'onozing'ono kanthu.

Pakali pano, potengera chitsanzo nyukiliya ya kapangidwe atomiki , ndi chifukwa maphunziro ambiri amadziwika kuti atomu tichipeza phata, umene wazunguliridwa ndi elekitironi mtambo. The zikuchokera chotero "mtambo" - ma elekitironi kapena particles pulayimale ndi mlandu negative. The zikuchokera pakati, pa mwake, limapangidwa particles ndi electrically zabwino mlandu kulandira mapulotoni dzina. Kale pamwambapa, wasayansi British anatha kuona ndipo kenako kufotokoza zodabwitsazi. Mu 1919, iye ankayendetsera kuyesera, imene inali chakuti Alpha particles anagogoda mtima wa hydrogen wa mtima wa zinthu zina. Choncho, n'zotheka kuti tipeze ndi kuonetsera kuti mapulotoni ndi - sikuti ndi phata la atomu wa hydrogen popanda elekitironi imodzi. Mu mapulotoni ano sayansi ali akusonyeza chizindikiro tsa kapena tsa + (kutanthauza kuti mtengo zabwino).

Purotoni njira Greek "lalikulu loyamba" - ndi tinthu pulayimale, ndi nkhani ya gulu la baryons, mwachitsanzo ndi katundu pulayimale particles. Akuimira dongosolo lokhazikika moyo wake uposa 2.9 Nchito x 10 (29) zakubadwa.

Kwenikweni, kuwonjezera purotoni ndi phata atomiki mulinso neutrons, lomwe lagona pa dzina, neutrally mlandu. Onse zinthu zimenezi zimatchedwa nucleons.

Unyinji wa purotoni, ndi ukoma wa zinthu zoonekeratu, nthawi yaitali sanathe anayeza. Tsopano ife tikudziwa kuti ndi

mp = 1,67262 ∙ 10-27 kg.

Choncho amayang'ana ndi zina misa purotoni lapansi.

Tiyeni tikambirane mbali enieni kumvetsa osiyana purotoni sayansi misa.

Unyinji wa particles mu sayansi ya nyukiliya pamafunika malingaliro osiyana, ndi gulu la muyeso amu

Amu - atomiki misa unit. amu wina wolingana 1/12 misa ndi mpweya atomu, umene uli wofanana ndi misa chiwerengero cha 12. Choncho, 1 atomiki misa unit wofanana 1,66057 · 10-27 kg.

purotoni misa Choncho, motere:

mp = 1,007276 komanso. e. m.

Pali njira ina kusonyeza misa ya particles ndithu mlandu ntchito mayunitsi osiyana muyeso. Kuti tichite zimenezi, choyamba muyenera mopepuka pazikhala kufanana ya misa ndi mphamvu E = mc2. Kodi C - liwiro la kuwala, ndi mamita - thupi misa.

purotoni misa Pankhaniyi adzakhala amayezedwa megaelectronvolts kapena MeV. Izi unit wa muyeso ntchito mwapadera mu sayansi ya nyukiliya ndi nyukiliya ndipo akutumikira kuyeza mphamvu kuti ndi koyenera kuti kulanda tinthu pakati pa mfundo ziwiri mu munda electrostatic. Ndi chikhalidwe chimene kusiyana ulipo pakati pa mfundo zimenezi ndi wofanana 1 Volt.

Choncho, amati 1 amu = 931,494829533852 MeV purotoni misa pafupifupi

mp = 938 MeV.

Mfundo imeneyi wakhala analandira pamaziko a miyezo misa-spectroscopic ndi kuti kulemera mu mawonekedwe zimene timauzidwa pamwamba, ndipo amatchedwanso mauthenga nergiey purotoni zina.

Choncho kuganizira kwambiri zofuna zimenezo, kulemera kwa tinthu zing'onozing'ono tingasonyezere mfundo zitatu zosiyana, ku mayunitsi atatu osiyana.

Komanso, purotoni misa tingasonyezere wachibale unyinji wa elekitironi, amene amadziwika kuti kwambiri "kovuta" particles ali ndithu mlandu. Ofanana kulemera ndi mawerengedwe yovuta ndi kulakwitsa kwambiri Pankhaniyi adzakhala 1836.152 672 wachibale kwa elekitironi misa.