St. Cyril wa ku Alexandria. Umboni wa St. Cyril wofanana wa Atumwi

Osatchuka m'masiku athu Dzina lachikhristu dzina lake Cyril ali ndi mbiri yakale kwambiri komanso amphamvu kwambiri. Chiyambi chake ndi Chigiriki chakale, kutanthauza kuti "mbuye", kapena "mbuye". Amuna otchedwa dzina limeneli ayenera kudziwa za abwenzi awo ndikukumbukira kufunikira kolemekeza tsiku la St. Cyril.

Wolungama ndi dzina la Cyril

Tchalitchi cha Orthodox, kuyambira m'zaka za zana lachinayi, kufika kwa oyera mtima chimawerengedwa kuti ndi anthu olungama khumi ndi atatu omwe amadziwika ndi dzina limeneli ndipo amakhala m'dera la Byzantium, Ufumu wa Kumadzulo wa Roma ndi Russia. Mmodzi wa oyamba payekha ndi Cyril, kholo la mzinda wa Alexandria mumzinda wa Alexandria. Izo zinalemekezedwa pafupi mu 451 chaka. Wolemekezeka kwambiri mwa anthu anzathu ndi Monk Cyril wa Radonezh, bambo a Sergius wa Radonezh, yemwe anamaliza kulumbira, komanso Kirill Belozersky. St. Cyril ndiye amene anayambitsa lingaliro lachiwonetsero chodziŵika bwino ndi utumiki wautumiki wa tchalitchi.

Nthawi zambiri, anyamata pa ubatizo amatchedwa dzina lachikhristu lakale polemekeza St. Cyril, Kuunikira kwa Asilavo. Oyera aliyense ali ndi chithunzi chake. Tsiku la chikondwerero cha wokondedwa wakumwamba limatchedwa tsiku la Mngelo. Inde, ndipo wokondedwa wakumwamba kwambiri nthawi zina amatchedwa mngelo wothandizira. Mawuwo ndi ovomerezeka osati oyenera. Izi ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi za umunthu osati zofunikira. Chimodzi mwa ziwonetsero za kulemekeza wokondedwa wake wakumwamba ndi pempho la pemphero kupyolera mu chithunzi chake chojambula. Chithunzicho ndiwindo la dziko lapamwamba. Iyenera kumathandiza kuti munthu asungidwe.

Mosamala, fetishism

Ndipotu, chimakhala chithunzi chosiyana kwambiri. Pa malo osatha opitilira amapatsidwa kugula zithunzi za oyera mtima ndi Namwaliyo ndi malangizo omveka bwino pa chomwe chithunzichi kapena chithunzichi chimathandizira. Komanso, n'zotheka kukumana ndi okhulupilira omwe ali oyenerera omwe angakulangize kuti ndi ndani komanso kuti apemphere. Izi zimanyansira tanthawuzo lopambana la chithunzi ku chinthu chodziwika cha kupembedza kwachipembedzo. Zifukwa zake zonse ndi kusadziwa kwa atsogoleri achipembedzo, ndi chilakolako cha banal phindu: makasitomala amapereka zotsatira. Mipingo ina mumatha kuona mtengo wamtengo wapatali wofanana ndi zomwe zikuchitika mu gawo la mautumiki, kupereka utumiki kwa woyera mtima ndi zotsatira zotsimikiziridwa: chinthu chotayika, kufufuza bwino mkwati, kuti mano asapweteke, ndi zina zotero. Izi zimathandizidwanso ndi kusagwirizana kwa okhulupilira omwe Dziwani chifaniziro chopatulika ndi mankhwala mu pharmacy. Ndinagula paracetamol, ndikuwameza - ndipo kunakhala kosavuta. Ndizoonongeka kwambiri, zomwe m'kupita kwa nthawi zingabweretse mavuto. Ndipotu, moto sukhoza kutenthetsa, komanso umatentha kwambiri. Mukhoza kukhala ndi chuma chachikulu pa moyo wanu wonse ndipo simungathe kuzigwiritsa ntchito bwino. Kuchokera pa zizindikiro zambirimbiri sipadzakhalanso chisomo, koma, mosiyana, maganizo osasamala ndi osayenera kwa iwo akhoza kulangidwa. Chifaniziro chopatulika chimafuna ulemu woyenera. Muyenera kudziwa kuti pemphero pasanachitike chithunzi chilichonse chingathandize kuthetsa vuto lililonse.

Momwe mungawerenge bwino zithunzi za oyera mtima

Chithunzicho sichiyenera kukhala ndi ubale wofanana ndi buku kapena chithunzi chosungidwa pa alumali, zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito nthawi ndi nthawi. Ngati mwapeza chifaniziro chopatulika, ndiye ngakhale chizindikiro chochepa kwambiri chimafuna kukhala ndi mtima wolemekeza. Kulemekeza zithunzi za oyera mtima, choyamba ndikofunikira kuphunzira moyo wapadziko lapansi wa archetype. Izi zimabweretsa mtendere wamkati wa munthu wopempherera pafupi ndi wokondedwa wakumwamba. Ndipo mbali inayo, munthu yemwe ali ndi mbali yosiyana amaika mwanjira yapadera kwa microcosm ya munthu wapadziko lapansi, yemwe amamuyang'ana mantha.

Chiwonetsero cha woyang'anira wakumwamba

Mosakayikira ndikofunikira kukhala ndi nyumba ya chithunzi chake wompembedzera kumwamba, ndiye woyera, amene amamutcha dzina lake. Musati muzisungire kwinakwake ku sideboard kumbuyo kwa galasi, ngati chikumbutso. Mukayang'ana chithunzichi, muyenera kumusamalira wanu tsiku ndi tsiku, osachepera mwachidule. Ndibwino kuti tcheru kumvetsera kwa olungama omwe ali otetezedwa - woyang'anira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, St. Cyril, mphunzitsi wa Asilavo, chifukwa cha ntchito yake pansi pa moyo wapadziko lapansi, mwachizolowezi amamuona ngati woyang'anira aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira. Komanso wolemba apolosi wa mpingo wakale, kholo la Alexandria Cyril analandira ulemu wa mlaliki wamkulu ndi wolemba. Chithunzi cha St. Cyril, mngelo wotsogolera komanso woyang'anira akatswiri a zaumulungu a Orthodox, amalemekezedwa kwambiri ndi azamulungu.

Makhalidwe apamwamba a Middle East

St. Cyril anali chiwonetsero chapadera cha tchalitchi, ndipo mbali inayo - yemwenso analiyimira wa nthawi yake. Tsiku lenileni la kubadwa kwake silikudziwika. Anachokera ku banja lolemekezeka lachi Greek. Ku Alexandria, kunali mtundu wotsatizana mwachangu mu ulamulirowu. Chiyambi cha mwambowu chinayikidwa ndi kholo la Athanasius, amene adalowa m'malo mwake anali mphwake Petro. Kotero Cyril anatenga mpando pambuyo pa imfa ya amalume ake Theophilus. Malingana ndi wolemba mbiri wa tchalitchi Socrates Scholastic, kuikidwa pampando kwa Cyril kunkaphatikizidwa ndi ziwawa zambiri mumzindawu. Maphwando ambiri anamenyera mpando wachifumu, kuphatikizapo opanduka. Zinali chifukwa cha asilikali omwe anatha kuwathetsa. St. Cyril anali munthu wokhudzidwa kwambiri, ndipo pokhala atakhazikika mu dipatimentiyi, anayamba kunena kuti mphamvu ya wolamulira wa dziko ndiyamphamvu. Ndiye icho chinali cholamula cha nthawi. Mipingo yoyamba ya Chikhristu siinangophunzitsa zokhazokha pokhapokha pokhapokha gulu la nkhosa lidawongolera, komanso linkagwira ntchito yaikulu yothandiza anthu.

M'zaka za zana lachisanu, mpingo unamenyana ndi ziphunzitso zambiri zabodza. Panthawi yomwe Cyril ankakhala ku Alexandria, mipingo yonse ya Novatians inatsekedwa. Akatswiri amachitira umboni kuti St. Cyril sanangoyambitsa nkhondo yotsutsana ndi mipatuko komanso ziphunzitso zachikunja, komanso ankadziwika ndi anti-Semitism. Kuzunzidwa kwa Ayuda kunayambitsa kutsutsana ndi bwanamkubwa wachiroma Orestes. Udindo wa mpando wachi Aigupto unalola khololo kuti litsutse mwachinyengo nkhanza ya Nestorius, yemwe mu 428 anagwira mpando wa Constantinople. Anali pachitetezo cha Cyril kuti bungwe lachitatu la Ecumenical Council, lomwe linakhazikitsa kulemekeza kwa Namwali Wodala kwa Amayi a Mulungu. Mpingo wa Alesandria adalamulira zaka 32 ndipo anamwalira mu 444. Kirill analemba zolemba zambiri zotsutsa. Ntchito zazikulu kwambiri zotsutsana ndizokutanthauzira kwa mabuku a aneneri a Chipangano Chakale, Uthenga Wabwino wa Luka, Yohane, Wafilosofi ndi Epistle wa Mtumwi Paulo.

Chithunzi cha Cyril cha ku Alexandria

Mwambo wa kujambula kwachikhristu uli ndi mizu yakale kwambiri ya chiyambi cha Suripalestina. Pazithunzi ndizozoloŵera kufotokoza oyera mogwirizana ndi fano la moyo wawo wapadziko lapansi. Monga lamulo, chithunzi chokongola chimapangidwa ndi nthawi ya mwambo wopereka kwa oyera mtima. Nthawi zina pakati pa olungama ndi ovomerezeka a olungama si khumi, ndipo chithunzi pa chithunzichi sichigwirizana kwathunthu ndi zithunzi. Mwamwayi, pokhudzana ndi chiwonetsero chachisokonezo chakusokoneza bongo ku Byzantium m'zaka za zana la VIII, zithunzi zambiri zakale zidatayika. Osasungidwa ndi mafano akale kwambiri, omwe amawonetsera Mkulu wa Akulu wa Alexandria, St. Cyril. Chizindikiro cha kuphedwa kwamakono chikuyimira woyera m'matumba ovomerezeka omwe akugwirizana ndi utumiki wake wadziko lapansi. Mbali yowonjezera ya zolembedwa ndi Uthenga Wabwino. Malinga ndi miyambo yachithunzi, kutsindika kulemekeza Malemba Opatulika, woyera satenga bukuli ndi dzanja lake lotseguka, koma kudzera muzovala.

Oyera Athanasius ndi Cyril wa ku Alexandria

Kukumbukira kwa St. Cyril, Patriarch wa Alexandria, kumakondweredwa pa June 22 mu kalembedwe katsopano. Komabe, tchalitchi chinakhazikitsa ulemu wina - January 31. Pa tsiku lino chikondwerero cha Cyril chimachitidwa pamodzi ndi mphunzitsi wina wapadera wa tchalitchi, yemwe adatsogoleredwa ndi mpando wa Athanasius waku Alexandria. Zikondwerero za mgwirizanowu zimatanthawuzira kukumbukira kuzindikiritsidwa kwa zoyenera zawo ndi zopindulitsa poteteza ziphunzitso zotsutsa za Mpingo. Oyera Athanasius ndi Cyril ndi awiri oimira akuluakulu a sukulu ya Alesandriya. Ntchito zawo sizothandiza kokha ku ntchito ya mpingo, koma ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa akatswiri a zachikhalidwe, akatswiri a mbiri yakale ndi akatswiri a maganizo.

Mtumwi wa ku Eastern Europe

Chopereka chachikulu ku chikhalidwe cha makolo athu chinapangidwa ndi abale awiri, Cyril ndi Methodius. Oyera Oyera-A-Atumwi Cyril ankatchedwa Constantine asanayambe kulumbira. Iye ndi mchimwene wake Methodius adachokera ku banja lachipembedzo la Aslavic. Bambo wawo anali mtsogoleri mumzinda wa ku Greece wa Thessaloniki (Thessaloniki yamakono). Constantine adaphunzira maphunziro apamwamba ku khoti la mfumu, ndipo adatchulidwa dzina la filosofi. Iwo adadzitchuka ponena za ntchito zomwe sichinachitikepo kale kuti azindikire mafuko a ku East Slavic. Kuti akhudze mogwira mtima kulalikira kwachikhristu mwa iwo, zilembo zatsopano za mafuko a Asilavo omwe amalankhula zinenero zina zogwirizana zinayambitsidwa ndikuyambitsidwa. Ndi dzina la mmodzi wa opanga, chikumbutso ichi chidatchedwa chilembo cha Cyrillic. Mabuku ambiri amatsenga komanso Uthenga Wabwino adamasuliridwa m'chinenero cha Chisivoni ndi abale. Kuti athe kuchita utumiki wa Mulungu m'chinenero chodziwikiratu kwa Asilavo, Konstantini anali bishopu wopatulidwa. Posakhalitsa imfa yake, yomwe inatsatira mu 869, iye analandira dongosolo lachionetsero.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti atsogoleri achipembedzo cha Russian, Serbian, Bulgarian ndi mipingo ina ya Kumadzulo kwa Asilavo akhala akugwiritsa ntchito zolembera zoyambirira kwa zaka zoposa 1,000. Ndipo ngati zilankhulidwe zamakono za anthu omwe ali ndi chiyanjano zakhala zikudziwika kale kwa wina ndi mnzake, ndiye chinenero cha kupembedza chiri chimodzimodzi. Cholinga cha ntchito yolalikira ya Constantine-Cyril chili chofanana ndi chidziwitso cha tchalitchi kwa a atumwi, motero, pansi pa chiyanjano, woyera adapatsidwa dzina la "Ofanana-ndi-Atumwi", ndipo masiku a chikondwerero amakhazikitsidwa pa May 24 ndi February 27. Mu bungwe lililonse la maphunziro a Orthodox m'malo olemekezeka ndi chithunzi cha St. Cyril, mngelo wothandizira komanso woyang'anira ophunzira ndi aphunzitsi.

Zithunzi za Kuunikira kwa Asilavo

Zithunzi zojambula za mphunzitsi wamkulu zafala. M'mipingo ya Orthodox kum'maŵa kwa Ulaya, mungapeze ma fresco enieni owonetsera St. Cyril. Chithunzicho chili ndi matepi ovomerezeka mwachangu. Constantine-Cyril nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa mu chovala cha monk-ascetic. Malumbiro aumunthu adatenga chiopsezo chachikulu - schema. Pamene abale awiriwa-ounikira amalemba limodzi, Cyril amawonetsedwa kokha m'mabotolo amodzi. Popeza kuti woyera anali wopatulidwa, pali zizindikiro pamene analembera zovala zaumulungu za bishopu. Mwachidziwitso m'manja mwa woyera ndi mwina mpukutu ndi zilembo za Slavic, kapena buku lotseguka, nthawi zambiri Uthenga Wabwino wa Yohane ndi mizere yoyamba ya malembo. Cyril ananenanso, ali ndi zaka 42. Mu mwambo wamakono, pafupi zaka zino, iye akuwonetsedwa. Pazithunzi zochepa zakale zomwe zidalipo kale, mngelo wolamulira wa Asilavic St. Cyril amaimiridwa ngati munthu wokalamba yemwe ali ndi ndevu yaitali kwambiri.

Tsiku la Maina

Kunyada kwa Tchalitchi cha Russia, Mtsogoleri Wake Wachiyero wa All Russia, Cyril anatenga dzina limeneli ndi malumbiro aumunthu. Dzina latsopano limatchedwa chizindikiro chodzudzula moyo wakale ndi kuyamba kwa atsopano, okondwerera, otsutsana ndi mfundo zosiyana siyana za dziko lapansi. M'busa wam'mwamba uyu wa mtsogolomu woyang'anira mdziko lapansi adakhala Kuunikira kwa Asilavs St. Cyril. Mkulu wa mabishopu a ku Moscow amasonyeza chitsanzo cholemekeza wolamulira wake wakumwamba. Malingana ndi ma kanoni achikristu, pa tsiku la Mngelo wake, munthu ayenera kulandira sakramenti ya zinsinsi za Khristu. Pa May 24, dziko la Orthodox limakondwerera chikondwerero cholemba ndi chikhalidwe cha Asilavo. Patsiku la wokondedwa wake wakumwamba, mkulu woyang'anira Cyril, Cyril, amapanga Liturgy, ngati n'kotheka ku tchalitchi chopatulika kwa woyera mtima. Komanso, wokhulupirira aliyense, wotchedwa Cyril, ngati akufunadi kulemekeza womwini wake wakumwamba, ayenera lero kutenga nawo mbali pa kupembedza kwa anthu kapena kulowa m'kachisi kukaika kandulo.

Kukambirana kwauzimu

Mosasamala kanthu kuti munthu amakhulupirira kapena ayi, malamulo a dziko lauzimu amagwira ntchito. Chifaniziro chimatha kukopeka ndi malamulo a sayansi. Ngakhale ngati munthu sanamvepo za lamulo la Newton ndi nthawi zonse yowonjezereka kwa kugwa kwaulere, kugwedeza kwa chilengedwe chonse kumagwira ntchito, ndipo iwo amene amanyalanyaza akhoza kuvutika kwambiri. Dziko la zamatsenga likulindirira ofufuza ake ndi opeza, koma pakalipano munthu ayenera kumvetsera zochitika za mzaka zikwizikwi za tchalitchi. Kupempha kwa oyera kumatchedwa pemphero. Pali mapemphero ovomerezeka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi okhulupirira komanso ntchito zapakhomo. Mu pemphero kwa St. Cyril wa ku Aleksandria Akristu amachitilidwa monga wothandizira kuteteza choonadi ndi umulungu. Kusungidwa ndi kufalikira kwa chikhulupiriro sikutheka popanda kulalikira. Kupambana kwa wokamba nkhani kumachokera pa talente, maphunziro onse ndi kudzipatulira. Zomwe ziri mu chidziwitso cha zipembedzo ndipo zikuwoneka kuti onse Saint Cyril akufuna kuunikiridwa ndi mngelo wodikira. Pemphero kwa Ofanana-ndi-Atumwi, olungama, akupempha zopempha kuti athe kuthana ndi mikangano yapachibale pakati pa mafuko ndi kusunga miyambo ndi miyambo ya makolo.