Yaikulu Russian cosmodrome. spaceports Russian

Modern Russian spaceports ndi zinthu zimene mbali yofunika kwambiri mu sayansi, zachuma, umoyo-ndale, chikhalidwe kulankhulana misinkhu yosiyanasiyana. Mu Russia, pali onse alipo ndipo pansi ziyangoyango yomanga. Kodi Russian danga Launch? Mayina a zinthu tsopano anapereka chiyani?

Kodi spaceports mu Russia?

"Baikonur", "Plesetsk", "Kapustin Yar", "Chotsani", "Free" ndi pansi "East" - masiku Russian spaceports. List of chinthu lolingana, ndithudi, zikhoza kusintha - malinga ndi mmene zomangamanga adzakhala anagawira actuated mu chimango cha danga pulogalamu Russian. N'zotheka kuti chifukwa cha lalikulu malo osiyanasiyana danga, komanso zovuta za ntchito kuti anathana ndi iwo, adzatsegula ziyangoyango latsopano, kutseka panopa ndi kuwapititsa ku malo ena. Koma panthawi spaceports Russian linanena pamwamba, n'zotheka kuonedwa monga dongosolo mokwanira maziko a zinthu zogwirizana ntchito. Tiyeni tikambirane mfundo ya aliyense wa iwo mwatsatanetsatane.

"Baikonur" - pa spaceport waukulu mu Russian Space Program

"Baikonur" - pa cosmodrome, amene sikuli kwa Russia ndi Kazakhstan, ku Russia koma pafupifupi wosuta yekha. ntchito yake yaikulu - RSC "Energia", Central Design Bureau "Patsogolo", Khrunichev. M. V. Hrunicheva Space Center «South». "Baikonur" inamangidwa mu 1955. chinthu ichi atengedwa ndi boma Russian mu Republic of Kazakhstan mu lendi kwa zaka 50. Mtengo wa spaceport ndi biliyoni 5 rubles chaka - .. biliyoni 3.5 zoona, rents, 1.5 biliyoni -. Ndalama allocated kusunga dzuwa la zofunikira RF.

Baikonur, ngakhale malamulo amayanjana Kazakhstan, mwamwambo ankaona ngati spaceport Russian. Iye amadziwika chifukwa chakuti iwo unayambitsidwa ku ilili woyamba wa Dziko Lapansi, woyamba panali spacecraft, nthambi zosiyanasiyana za sayansi, ballistic mivi. Baikonur tsopano yaikulu ya nyumba yonse ya mtundu umene zosungidwazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mafakitale Russian danga. okwana Malo - za 6717 meters lalikulu. Km. Mu zaka zingapo zapitazi Baikonur Russia - mtsogoleri dziko chiwerengero cha imalankhula.

cosmodrome "Baikonur" zomangamanga

"Baikonur" zomangamanga ankaimira, mu zinthu makamaka ngati:

- 9 poyambira maofesi a magulu osiyana;

- 15 launchers anafuna chida Launch, deducing zombo mlengalenga ndi makina;

- 4 launchers ntchito pochititsa mayesero nkhondo ballistic;

- 11 housings, anafuna kuti unsembe ndi kuyezetsa zida zolinga zosiyanasiyana;

- ovuta 34 ndinazolowera miyala prelaunch ndi linanena bungwe iwo danga zolinga zosiyanasiyana;

- siteshoni 3, imene kuwonjezeredwa maroketi ndi zina spacecraft utsi osiyana;

- chingwe osiyanasiyana;

- Information ndi Computing Center, imene ulamuliro ndi kasamalidwe ka mamishoni danga ndi processing osiyanasiyana deta;

- mpweya-asafe kupanga malo, kupereka pafupifupi 300 matani zosiyanasiyana mankhwala cryogenic masana;

- CHP mphamvu 60 MW;

- 72 MW mphamvu sitima operable kuti turbines mpweya;

- thiransifoma substations zinthu 600.

- mfundo kulankhulana ndi kuchuluka mayunitsi 92;

- airfields - "kwambiri" ndipo "Ufulu";

- m'deralo sitima zomangamanga ndi utali wonse wa za 470 Km;

- zomangamanga msewu kutalika za 1281 kukafika;

- mphamvu mizere mu 6610 Km, kugwirizana - kwa 2784 Km.

Mbali yaikulu ya cosmodrome waukulu nawo danga pulogalamu Russian, zifotokoza limatchula za malo ena a mtundu pozigwiritsa ntchito Russia.

"Kapustin Yar"

"Kapustin Yar" Ofufuza ambiri amakonda kuonedwa kwambiri ngati asilikali maphunziro pansi. Koma m'njira zambiri tinganene kuti spaceport ndipo koposa zonse chifukwa chakuti imalankhula mayeso nkhondo ballistic adalenga kuchokera mmenemo - ndi zokwana kuti anasonyeza danga lotseguka. "Kapustin Yar" inamangidwa mu 1946.

The cosmodrome Russian ili ambiri m'dera Astrakhan, koma madera ena ali mbali ya Atyrau, Kazakhstan ndi West Kazakhstan zigawo. okwana Malo - 650 mamita lalikulu. Km. Tsambali Launch ali utsogoleri yake pakati - mzinda wa Znamensk. Nearby airfield asilikali ili pa izo.

"Chotsani"

Cosmodrome "Chotsani" Akatswiri amaona ngati sitata Nawonso achichepere - koma miyala, kachiwiri, anafuna kuswana mu malo lotseguka. Mwakhama ntchito kuyambira 2006. Inali ili cosmodrome watsopano Russia, Yasnenskom m'deralo ili mu dera Orenburg.

The woyendetsa waukulu wa chinthu imatengedwa kuti ndi bungwe lapadziko lonse "Kosmotras". Zofunikira za cosmodrome ndi zimagwiritsa ntchito kukulozani Earth kanjira nthambi angapo. Pa nthawi yomweyo kuthetsa mavuto zogwirizana zambiri roketi "Dnepr" ntchito Chirasha Chiyukireniya kupanga.

"Plesetsk"

Kumpoto kwenikweni cosmodrome Russia - "Plesetsk". Ili pafupifupi 180 Km from Arkhangelsk - kummwera kwa mzinda. Katundu m'dera pafupifupi 176,2 mahekitala. Iye anayamba ntchito mu 1966 monga cosmodrome "Plesetsk" chaka. Popeza angathe kuchitidwa chida imalankhula a m'banja la P-7 ndi ena ofanana ndi magulu.

Kumpoto kwenikweni cosmodrome Russia, monga taonera ndi akatswiri ena, ali ndi mbiri ya chiwerengero cha anatenga izo imalankhula mu mlengalenga.

"Free"

Cosmodrome "Free" lili m'dera Amur. Iye opareshoni kuyambira 1996. Izi Russian Launch malo ali m'dera 410 sq. Km, ndipo ali zomangamanga kukhazikitsa maroketi ndi kuwala opeza. Choona chidwi n'chakuti pomanga "Free" anali anayambitsa chifukwa chakuti pambuyo kugwa Soviet Union waukulu Soviet cosmodrome "Baikonur" anali kunja Akuluakulu a ku Russia, ndi atsogoleri a malo pulogalamu Russian anaganiza kuti boma liyenera chinthu yake ya kopita yoyenera. Zochita pa nthawi kwambiri easterly cosmodrome Russia pambuyo chiyambi cha ntchito nawo, makamaka kuti ayese imalankhula nkhondo ballistic - monga "Topol". Tsopano, pafupifupi si ntchito mwachangu, ichi ndi chifukwa cha mlili wa mfundo imeneyi Far East, akumanga nyumba yatsopanoyi - ndi cosmodrome "East". Taonani, nayenso ndi mfundo zofunika za izo.

"Kum'mawa"

Izi ndi zatsopano kwambiri kum'mawa Russian cosmodrome. Iye anayamba kumanga mu 2010. Adzakhululukidwa ili, ndi njira, Suli kutali ndi "ufulu", umene ukuyenera kuti inasokonekera chifukwa cha unsembe wa zomangamanga zofunika ndi kale mu "East" ndi kukhathamiritsa wotsatira wa mmene kukumana kwa limatchula za malo atsopano.

Iwo amati kum'maŵa Russian cosmodrome yomanga akutenga malo pafupifupi 1035 mamita lalikulu. Km. pochimanga cholinga kuthetsa zotsatirazi mavuto kiyi: kupeza spaceport Russia kwawo ndinazolowera kuthamanga mitundu yonse ya mizinga, kupanga nyemba zina za chitukuko tima ya Russian Far East m'madera. Dera limeneli ndi mwapadera m'chigawo cha mapulogalamu umoyo ndi zachuma ndi ntchito yomanga maofesi imatengedwa ngati imodzi mwa mfundo zofunika kwambiri kukhazikitsa bwino njira izi.

"East" - Russian cosmodrome, amene ali m'njira zambiri, makamaka kwa "Baikonur". Mwachitsanzo, njira ya zida, amene adzakhala anapezerapo pano, zili kunja kuli anthu m'madera Akuluakulu a ku Russia, komanso maboma ena - amene anaika pamwamba pa madzi ndale. Komanso, chinthu kwambiri ndi kumene spaceport ndi ili mu Russia - ndicho, mu pafupi ndi bwino anayamba zoyendera zomangamanga. Izi zimapangitsa "East" ntchito makamaka yosafuna. Komabe, akatswiri ena amatchulanso zolephera zingapo mu ntchito ya chinthu lolingana wa danga pulogalamu Russian. Choyamba, pali mfundo yakuti "East" lili pa madigiri 6 kumpoto kwa "Baikonur" - kotero payload misa okwana amene amapezeka malo, ndi Russian danga pakati adzakhala pang'ono m'munsi.

Liti imayamba ndi "East"?

Pamene kum'maŵa Russian cosmodrome adzatseguka ndithu, ndipo akuyamba ntchito?

Poyamba izo ankaganiza kuti poyamba roketi Launch ku chinthu lolingana kudzachitika kumapeto kwa 2015. Koma pakadali anakwatirayo 2016. Koma Launch wa spacecraft zinakhazikitsa ndi "East" - woyamba unachitika mu 2016. Wogwila Russia a cosmodrome latsopano adzakhala Uglegorsk, limene lili m'chigawo Amur - pafupi atangochimwa malo tikukonza. "Kum'mawa" matupi utsogoleri adzakhala ankakhala mu mzinda womwewo. Mwa njira, ena a zomangamanga a cosmodrome wa nawonso anamanga kunja kwa dera Amur. Amaganiza kuti ndi "East" kudzakhala kotheka kukhazikitsa maroketi pafupifupi mtundu uliwonse - kuwala, sing'anga ndi katundu - monga Mwachitsanzo, "Angara" imene mayesero bwino kunachitika mu Russia mu 2014.

chidule

Choncho, malo ano Launch Russia ankaimira 5 maofesi alipo - pakati pa anthu mpaka zikhoza kuganiziridwa "ufulu", chifukwa zofunikira zonse alipo, ndipo wina tikukonza. Iwo zili m'madera osiyanasiyana a Federation ndi Russian - kumwera kwa gawo Loona za dziko, kumpoto, ku Far East. The spaceport waukulu actuated mu malo pulogalamu Russian, lili Kazakhstan. Posachedwa adzagawa ntchito zawo, amene afotokozedwa mu kukhazikitsa onse adafunafuna-pambuyo mitundu ya imalankhula maroketi ku cosmodrome "East", amene anamanga m'dera Amur.