Zosangalatsa za anyani. Anyani ku Antarctica: kufotokoza

Ku Ulaya, mbalame oseketsa zakuda "michira" anadziwika m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi, chifukwa cha Oyendetsa ku Portugal. Zosangalatsa za anyani Nthawi yomweyo iwo chifundo cha azungu. Dzina "penguin" lachokera ku Chingelezi mawu penguin. Malinga ndi limodzi la mabaibulo alipo anawamasulira ku Wales pengwyn zikutanthauza - woyera mutu. Amene ali abwino kwambiri ndi mmene analongosolera zolengedwa izi chidwi za chilengedwe. Anyani ku Antarctica - mbalame okha mu dziko kuti siitha kuuluka, koma lalikulu kusambira ndi kusuntha dziko.

Mitundu ya anyani ku Antarctica

Izi banja la mbalame flightless zikuphatikizapo za makumi awiri mitundu. Anthu akudziwa zambiri mfundo zosangalatsa za anyani. Oimira mtundu uliwonse wa zamoyo ndi zizindikiro zawo chidwi kuti kusiyanitsa iwo Chrixitu.

anyani Magellanic ndi zokongola ndi wa mmodzi wa mitundu laling'ono pafupi kutha.

Adele - ambiri mawonekedwe a banja lonse. Dzina la mbalame unatchedwa m'derali yomwe anali woyamba mabanga - Terre Adélie.

Galápagos - mamembala wakumpoto wa mtundu wa. Iwo amakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi equator mu Galápagos zilumba, pa kutentha, si achilendo kwa anyani lapansi. simpatyazhka awa, mwatsoka, posachedwapa kutha ku nkhope ya Dziko Lapansi, alonjezedwa ikutha.

Gentoo - mtundu uwu ndi wachitatu waukulu pambuyo mfumu ndi mfumu anyani.

Stone - mamembala a m'banja ndewu ndi zamasiku, iwo amasiyana woipitsitsa mtima.

Imperial - maganizo otchuka mu dziko. Kuwonjezera zambiri, kuima pakati pa abale awo zapadera kulolerana kuzizira wamphamvu. Cold mbalame amakhumudwa. Iwo ndi pa kumtunda kwa Antarctica.

Ndimadandaula chakuti masiku ano ambiri a mitundu alonjezedwa ikutha.

Malo achilengedwe a anyani ndi

The anyani moyo mu chikhalidwe yekha mu Chigawo cha kum'mwera kwa dzikoli. malo awo - ndi Antarctica, Australia, South America, South Africa ndi ku New Zealand. Mbalame zimapezeka kotentha, koma sizitanthauza kuti madzi m'dera makamaka ozizira panopa. Galápagos Islands - malo otchulidwa okhala mbalame flightless. Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha anyani ali anaona pa gombe la Antarctica pafupi zilumba ndi yaikulu floes ayezi.

mafotokozedwe

Anyani ku Antarctica, malinga ndi magulu a mitundu zimasiyana Chrixitu kulemera, kutalika ndi maonekedwe. kulemera zingasiyane 1 kuti 45-50 makilogalamu ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 30 1 mita, ngakhale anthu ena ndi apamwamba kwambiri ndi bulkier. Izo zimatengera nyengo imene moyo mbalame. Mu malo amenewo kumene kutentha mpweya n'chozama, yaikulu mitundu moyo ukulu pa mndandanda ndi mfumu penguin. The anyani zing'onozing'ono moyo ku New Zealand ndi Australia, dzina la mtundu uwu "anyani pang'ono." kulemera zawo zili za wina kilogalamu.

mbalame thupi streamlined, chifukwa cha zimenezi iwo momasuka ndi deftly kusambira m'madzi. Iwo bwino anayamba minofu minofu misa ndi pafupifupi 30% ya kulemera kwa thupi okwana. Bone wandiweyani popanda voids, ndi wosiyana anyani mbalame, amene mafupa ndi mapapo tubular.

Atatu zigawo za madzi ambiri "tsitsi" - wokongola nthenga mu "michira." Mpweya atsekerezedwa pakati nthenga, likamatenthetsa thupi pa kusambira m'madzi ozizira. Pa moulting kusintha nthenga kwathunthu. Pa kusintha "zovala" mbalame akhoza kusambira, choncho kukhala ndi njala mpaka nthawi imeneyo, kufikira "kusintha zovala" mu nthenga watsopano. Dziwani kuti anyani musati amaundana chifukwa zitatu centimeter wosanjikiza mafuta.

The anyani kudya?

Ngakhale m'madzi, mitundu kuwona wabwino, kuposa pa dziko. Pa funso la chimene kudya anyani, yankho lake ndi losavuta - nsomba. mitundu wochezeka moyo m'madzi ndi maziko a chakudya. Sadini, kavalo nsomba ya makerele, anchovy - chakudya ankakonda mbalame. Kuchepetsedwa ndi zakudya nyama ndi krill.

Masana, ndi penguin imadumphira m'madzimo uku ikukupiza mu madzi kuchokera nthawi 300 900 kuti apeze chakudya chawo. Pa mazira makulitsidwe ndi moulting, pamene palibe mwayi kupita nsomba, mbalame akhoza kutaya theka kulemera okwana.

A njira ya moyo kuthengo

Gulu la anyani tilankhule wina ndi mnzake mwa imalira, ndipo aliyense mtundu uli phokoso yake. African Penguin kubereka kukuwa amene amakumbutsa bulu.

Monga tanena kale, zilombo wokondeka akhoza kuuluka, ngakhale, ndipo ndi mapiko, koma mwangwiro kusambira ndi madzi, ndi zinthu ozizira kwambiri. Pansi pa madzi, iwo amatha kuyenda pa liwiro la 10 Km / h, koma ichi ndi avareji. Pa yochepa mtunda gentoo penguin, amene amakhala ndi liwiro lake, angafikire liwiro la 30-35 km / h.

Anazolowera pamadzi mbalame akhoza kukhala pansi madzi mosalekeza mphindi 1-1.5, pamene plunging kuti akuya mamita 15-20. Koma ndiye kachiwiri mwa mitundu yonse ya mitundu mitundu-akatswiri. Mfumu Penguin mosavuta plunges kuti akuya pafupifupi 500 meters amagwira izo kwa mphindi 15-18.

Kudumpha mbalame madzi, kutalika kulumpha kungakhale kwa mamita 2, chifukwa cha ichi, iwo nthawi yomweyo amapezeka pa dziko. Kukhala pa gombe, ndiwo osambira kwambiri zinthu zovuta kwambiri. Iwo amapita pang'onopang'ono, swaying uku, mwina m'njira anyani kupulumutsa kutentha ndi mphamvu. Kodi pali ayezi Wopanda, mbalame kugwa pa m'mimba mwako ndi Wopanda pansi monga sledging.

kubalana

Pa kuswana nyengo ya anyani kukula anapiye kusonkhanitsa m'midzi lalikulu. Mating nyengo chikuchitika mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana panthawi zosiyanasiyana. Pakuti kuswa mazira mbalame kumanga zisa mfundo yakuti pali "pa dzanja". Izi zikhoza kukhala miyala, udzu, masamba. The kuchotserapo ndi yachifumu ndi achifumu anyani, nambveka mazira mu khola wapadera pa mimba. Apo iwo ali pamaso pa anapiye.

Nthawi makulitsidwe chimakhala cha umodzi mpaka miyezi iwiri. Ngati inu poyamba anali mazira awiri ndi anapiye awiri aswa, makolo a chisamaliro kwa woyamba wake, ndi mwana wachiwiri mapeto ngati Moms mokondera mankhwala ndi abambo zimafa ndi njala, ndiwo zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri.

adani

Moyo wa anyani amakhala pangozi. Mu chikhalidwe, awa wokondeka zolengedwa adani mbwee, osati monga zinthu zowononga anthu amene kwambiri kumakhudzanso kuchepa anthu mbalame Antarctic.

Chovuta mlandu kwa penguin yaing'ono 50% wa iwo anafa chaka choyamba cha moyo wake. Adani yaikulu ya anapiye ndi mbalame zodya nyama, monga kum'mwera chimphona petrel. Kuwonjezera kuopsa kufa kwa chiombankhanga, ana amakhala pa ngozi kufa ndi njala.

adani Natural wa anyani akuluakulu amaonedwa ogwirira m'madzi. Zikuphatikizapo nsombazo, wakupha zinsomba, zisindikizo, akambuku ndi mikango nyanja. Pafupifupi 6-10% ya mbalame aphedwa chifukwa cha kugunda ndi nyama.

Kuti pamwamba akhoza kuwonjezeredwa kuti agalu olusa, amene anaponya anthu ndi choopsa kwambiri kwa midzi hulking zolengedwa sangathe kuzemba mdani pa dziko nayenso. Mu zaka mazana makumi awiri ndi Galápagos zakutchire agalu madera lonse la anyani anawonongedwa.

Zosangalatsa za anyani

Mu chambiri mbalame flightless a mitundu yosiyanasiyana pali zambiri chidwi. Mfundo Zina chidwi za anyani lero azipereka kwa tcheru chanu:

• weniweni "kindergartens" analengedwa mu chambiri anyani. Anapiye zaka masabata 4-6 ali pamodzi malo amodzi ndipo penyani ana kusiya zingapo wamkulu "aphunzitsi". Makolo angathe kuthera nthawi yawo yonse ufulu kufunafuna chakudya chawo ndi ana awo.
• Zochitika anyani, mukhoza kuona kuti pamene afika ku gombe, woyamba basi kuyima pamenepo, akuyang'ana pa mzake, madzi kwa nthawi yaitali palibe wina angalimbe mtima. Patapita nthawi, pali mpainiya wina amene bwinobwino analumphira mu madzi. pomwepo kuthamangira ena za iye. Khalidwe limeneli limatchedwa "penguin zotsatira". Mwa njira, kwambiri, nthawi zambiri vuto chomwecho pakati pa anthu. • Kuti apite msanga, sunthani anyani, kudumpha madzi ngati anamgumiwa.
• Mbalame akhoza kumwa mchere nyanja madzi, monga iwo ndi zopangitsa wapadera kuti excrete mchere owonjezera.
• Panthawi kutentha, osati kugwa mu ayezi, ndi anyani kusuntha, kutsetsereka pa mimba yake, kuyambira ndi miyendo ndi mapiko.