Ndi mawu chiyani? mawu Latin

ndi mawu chiyani? Izi ndi mtundu osiyana phraseological. Choncho, kudziwa chachiwiri pachiyambi, T. E. A mfundo zambiri. Characteristically, ndi mawu okuluwika ndi osakaniza mosamala mawu, lomwe ndi khalidwe la chinenero chinachake. Choncho, poyamba m'chiganizo dongosolo iri mu chinenero makamaka, chikhalidwe sing'anga. amadziwika n'chiyani? mawu a zomwe ankalemba, sakhoza reordered, - izo anataya tinganene. Komanso, tanthauzo ambiri a gulu phraseological sangathe anatsimikiza mwa kupenda tanthauzo la liwu lililonse payokha. Pajatu chozama kwambiri ... Zinaoneka mpweya wa nzeru.

Kodi mawu?

Chotero kodi ndi "mawu otchuka"? Kodi Mbali chimasiyanitsa iwo kuchokera pa mfundo zazikulu zina za phraseology? Yankho ndi lalifupi: gwero zolembalemba. Ngakhale mawu akhala zimaŵetedwa monga dictum umunthu kwambiri, iwo anatibweretsera kulemba.

Si chinsinsi kuti mlingo wa chikhalidwe anthu a anatsimikiza mtima kuphatikizapo chodabwitsa kukumbukira chikhalidwe. Uwu ndi mtundu wa kupitiriza civilizational singalifotokoze mfundo kuti zilipo Latin mawu. Aroma anali ndi makhalidwe, amakonda sayansi ntchito. Mfundo awo pa zomangamanga, ulimi, monga kuyenera panopa ntchito mabuku olembedwa mu zilankhulo wophiphiritsa munali Zining'a. Ndi chifukwa cha chitukuko cha akulemba zaka zikwi za chitukuko anafika ife zonse za mawu nzeru ya mafumu, nzeru ena, akuluakulu a asilikali.

Roma chitukuko opangidwa Zining'a panopa

Periodization wa chitukuko cha zilandiridwenso zolembalemba wa Rome amakhala ndi amachokera ku BC III atumwi. e. gawo ndi pachimake mu I m'ma BC. e, chokongoletsedwa ndi mayina a ndakatulo otchuka ndi nzeru ena -. Ovidi, Cicero, Virgil, Horace.

Ancient zambiri anali lililonse zoseketsa ndi maganizo a kulenga. Tsiku ndi tsiku, ndi zoonekeratu, Plutarch ndi Horace sanali n'kotopetsa, ndipo Komanso, anthu oseketsa kwambiri. Iwo analenga zithunzi chabe a zokongola ndi choyambirira. N'chifukwa chiyani okha angagwirizanitse khama kwambiri ndi chifukwa anabereka phiri mbewa! Mawu a Aroma (phiri lomwelo ndi mbewa) ndiye kangapo ndi kulocha zoseketsa otchulidwa andakatulo zoweta ndi afilosofi (mwachitsanzo, Trediakovskij).

Ndi Latin akufa?

Utatha ya Western Roma, amene imagwera pa BC VI atumwi. e., ndi Latin chilankhulo cha chinenero kulankhulana lonse wa Roma, pang'onopang'ono akufa, T. e. izo asiye kulankhula. Komabe, mpaka mapeto a XVII m'ma atsopano chitukuko European, ndi chinenero: ndi amoyo ndi zogwirizana osankhika a anthu ophunzira - asayansi, ansembe, oimira. Ndi anthu awa, kudziwa chimene mawu, komanso kuzigwiritsa ntchito mu Mfundo awo, anatiuza ukulu ali iwo wakale lingaliro. Ndithudi, owerenga wokondedwa, inuyo osati kamodzi anakumana mu mabuku kapena anatembenuzidwa Russian adawomba mawu, kamodzi amalankhula Aroma onyada. Tiyeni kukumbukira monga ena a iwo.

Zining'a Latin mu Europe

Kapangidwe zapamwamba wa chinenero Latin m'nthawi yake inakhala maziko a chitukuko zina chinenero Italy, French, Chipwitikizi. Komabe, zithunzi zake ndipo frazeologichnost anatumikira ntchito yake yamakono.

Iye akadali ndi chinenero cha boma cha makamaka Catholic Vatican State. Komanso, chinenero Latin anali ndi kukhala chilankhulo cha sayansi European. Mbalame akuti mu Latin chinenero, olengedwa ku Ulaya. Foma Akvinsky, Thomas More, Fransua Viyon (mndandanda akupitiriza) anali kuchiyang'anira kulengedwa kwa Latin wa phraseology.

Zining'a Latin wodziwika mu Russia

Ichi ndi chilankhulo cha sayansi, powapatsa iwo Zining'a Roma, iwo analenga ntchito zawo asayansi Russian, monga MV Lomonosov, Ni Pirogov. Makamaka, ndi ulemu wa Mikhail Vasilyevich anapitiriza, koma Russian, mwambo wa Virgil, anabzala mu ndakatulo "Chipilala".

Komabe, kale m'zaka za m'ma XIX., I analemba A. S. Pushkin mu "Eugene Onegin" buku, amakhala "Latin si otchuka." Ndipo pambuyo October kuukira boma, chinenero Latin m'mbuyomu lamulo akuphunzira mu sukulu ya sekondale (kumbukirani mutu "Latin mayeso" pa "Youth" L. N. Tolstogo) anali kudzipatula. Komabe, pa nthawi pano - nthawi ya chikhalidwe misa - mawu Latin kachiwiri mu mtima. Akutchulidwa olemba, personages otchuka monga iwo mu chikhoto banja la manja. Komanso, ambiri lerolino anthu ophunzira ngati kutsindika zofunika pa malingaliro ena kuzigwiritsa ntchito kulemba. zilandiridwenso otere wolungama: kufupika wa Latin mawu, kuya ndi tanthauzo chibadidwe izo zakale nthawi zonse chidwi.

Za mawu Russian

Kukumbukira mawu Russian, umtembenuzire nkhokwe zawo odalirika - Gold Russian mabuku a m'zaka za m'ma XIX, Polemeretsedwa chikhalidwe dziko mayina a Pushkin, Lermontov, Griboedov, Krylov, Belinsky, Gogol, Turgenev, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky. Ntchito zapamwamba zimenezi ndi wowolowa manja gwero la iwo. connoisseurs woona mabuku amadziwa ndi mtima mawu ambiri otchuka, amene ali odzaza satirical mabuku, nthano, comedies, nkhani.

Taganizirani nthano Mwachitsanzo Krylov a "The Galasi ndi nyani." Mawu, pamene ife tikuwona, lili ngakhale ntchito yaing'ono ndakatulo, amene mosavuta kumbukirani ndi mwana.

Umoyo ndi kuya maganizo wolemba chimasiyanitsa nthano pamwamba mizere "The Galasi ndi nyani." mawu amenewa, mosakayikira - makono ndithu ngakhale lero. Inde, pamaso panu amayang'anitsitsa khalidwe la munthu wina, muyenera kuphunzira kuzindikira mphamvu zawo ndi zofooka.

Kungakhale kulakwa, kupenda ntchito ya zaka golide mabuku, kuti muzindikire kuti magwero mowolowa manja mabuku awa mawu aphoristic, kupatula nthano Krylov, ali ndi mankhwala a: Griboyedov - "Tsoka kwa nzeru", Fonvizin - "The Minor" ntchito Kozmy Prutkova.

Pa chiyambi cha XX m'ma polenga aphorisms anakwanitsa Vladimir Mayakovsky, olemba Ilf ndi Petrov, M. Bulgakov. Apereke mawu angapo otchuka amene anabwera kwa ife kuchokera mabuku Russian:

Characteristically, mawu amenewa nthawi zambiri kugwa njira m'mikhalidwe yosiyana zofunika kulankhula, monga pamene muyenera mwanzeru kupereka mwachidule zimene zikuchitika. Mwachidule, mafani mabuku kwambiri Russian safuna yaitali kufotokoza zimene mawu.

Okuluwika kwaiye Baibulo

Kungakhale kum'lakwira osanenapo nkhokwe yaikulu kugonjetsedwa zomangamanga idiomatic chiyambi m'Baibulo kuti zimakhala kagawo kakang'ono kwambiri mu zotumizira mauthenga ndi worldview. Iwo mophiphiritsa, mophiphiritsa zimathandiza kuti mapangidwe makhalidwe apamwamba mwamakhalidwe ndi mwauzimu munthu. Ndipotu, ngakhale kalendala panopa unalembedwa "pa kubadwa kwa Khristu."

Zining'a Mkhristu osati anthu ambiri amene akhulupirira. Kuyambira kale, chikhalidwe cha Orthodox Russia ndi kukhutitsa moyo wawo. Sanaleke zambiri waima otchedwa kulibe Mulungu sayansi. Mwina aliyense wa ife, kuti maphunziro, osati kamodzi anamva kwa aphunzitsi m'Baibulo akuti, anakhala mapiko: "Kudziwa mmene Atate wathu" (.. Ie olimba mtima). Mukuvomereza kuti tsiku ndi tsiku si zachilendo, ambiri Zining'a a m'Baibulo chiyambi. Zitsanzo za izi zingakhale "yosokera nkhosa", "chopunthwitsa", "chipsopsono cha Yudasi".

Pomaliza

Olemba mbiri ndi akatswiri a zinenero amanena kuti olemba ntchito mawu akuti "Mawu otchuka" m'manja mwa Agiriki akale ndi Homer. Akutchula pafupifupi m'njira zamakono adakali mu "Iliad" ndi "Odyssey." Komabe, kodi zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti chodabwitsa ndi sikunachitike mu otukuka kale?

Komabe, akuyendayenda chikhalidwe cha mtundu uwu phraseology, tikuona kuti ikuyambitsa awo ndipo amapanga zina zachilengedwe chikhalidwe. Iwo alemere mwauzimu. Munthu amene amagwiritsa ntchito mawu otchuka, makamaka apemphe kwa maganizo associative wa interlocutors, angathe chikhalidwe.

Mwinamwake, liza nkhaniyi, tinganene kuti pafupipafupi ntchito mawu ambiri mu tsiku ndi tsiku kulankhulana munthu umboni mlingo wa chitukuko chikhalidwe.