Ndi pampas la America South chiyani?

Pali malo omwe tamva, koma ochepa ndikulingalira kuti izo ziri. The Tinganenenso chimodzimodzi za pampas ku America South. Chidwi dzina lomwe ambiri a mizere ya nyimbo. Umo ndi mmene kunapezeka, ndi njati mu Pampas kumeneko, koma pali ena ambiri nyama chidwi ndi zomera.

ndi pampas (pampas) chiyani?

Zinthu dzina chidwi amabisa mfundo wamba kwambiri kwa ife - steppe. Ndi iwo Kwenikweni, ndi pampas. Kusiyana komwe kulipo ndi kuti zili malo amodzi okha pa dziko - mu America South. Pampa umachokera ku mbali ya kum'mwera ya kuchimwa meridional pakati okwera Brazil ndi Andes. Iwo lozungulira estuary wa La Plata mbali zonse zitatu, ndi kum'mwera, ndi kum'mawa kwa madzi a Atlantic Ocean. Ambiri a m'deralo imagwera pa pampas la Uruguay, ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa Argentina ndi kum'mwera Brazil.

Mpumulo ndi dongosolo Geological

Steppe (pampas) ndi lathyathyathya kapena undulating pansi mlingo. mpumulo amakhala ndi alternating wa meridional Hercynian ndi Precambrian zitunda, chifukwa mu kuphatikiza m'maenje kwambiri ndipo zigwa mosabisa. pampas kum'mawa pang'onopang'ono merges ndi otchedwa Western kapena youma, umene njanjira kumadzulo clumpy Predkordiler zitunda. Iwo anapatukana mbali otsika kwambiri wa kutumphuka (grabens). pansi awo ndi adatchithisira kuti akuya mamita 2000, iwo akhoza kwathunthu kapena pang'ono wodzazidwa ndi dothi saline, nyanja mchere kapena m'madambo.

nyengo

Pampas la America South, ili mu zone nyengo subtropical, ndiye pafupifupi chaka chonse dera limeneli akutengera misa mpweya akubwera kuchokera Atlantic Ocean. Mpweya (za 2000 mamilimita pachaka), anagawira wogawana, chilala n'zochepa kwambiri. Koma zigwa youma wa Pampa ayamba kumva mphamvu ya nyengo chokhala. Chamvula kuchepa (300-500 mm), kukhala zochepa yunifolomu, ambiri a iwo chifukwa cha masana kupulumutsa nthawi.

Kukhala ndi lingaliro la chimene pampas ndi kumene si zovuta ndikuganiza kuti malowa amakhala ndi chilimwe otentha: kutentha ranges ku 25 45 ° C. Akafika pazipita kufunika kwake pakati pa mitsinje Parana ndi Uruguay. Pakuti alili amakhala ndi otentha ndi chinyezi Mphepo yochokera kumpoto. Avereji kutentha m'nyengo yozizira komanso zabwino, koma nthawi zina akhoza zii ndi ozizira (-10 ° C mpaka gawo la pampas yonyowa). Snow chosowa kwambiri ndi chimasungunula yomweyo, chivundikiro si anapanga.

gawo pakati pa mitsinje ya madzi ndi makhwawa yambiri ya Uruguay ndi Parana. Komabe, patali, tisaiwale kuti m'gawo la yonyowa Pampa chiwerengero cha mitsinje ndi zochepa kwambiri, ndi wouma ndi kwathunthu kalekale ndipo zonse loyenda lokha pa yamvumbi. Koma madzi ambiri mchere ndi pansi, omwe sakanakhoza koma bwanji nyama ndi zomera.

Nyama ya pampas pa

Tsopano pampas la America South ali pafupi kwathunthu ntchito ulimi (olimapo, msipu ndi midzi pafupi ndi iwo). zomera Natural ndipo zimadalirana zimasungika kokha mu malo aang'ono. zomera ali wolemera, apa chimakhala chogwidwa ndi dzinthu (za 1000 mitundu). Zomera zimadalira nthaka ndi mvula. Choncho Uruguay ndi kum'mwera Brazil chimakhala chogwidwa ndi nkhalango. Iwo anapanga makamaka zigwa za mitsinje. Pakuti yobiriwira nkhalango ndi khalidwe mitundu (Araucaria, nsungwi, Paraguay tiyi, yodina rombolistny, quebracho, ndi zina zotero. D.) Ndipo lianas.

Mu malo lotseguka pakati pa mitsinje iwo m'malo mwa dzinthu, iwonso wotanganitsidwa gawo chinyezi pampas. anatchulidwa mwapadera ayenera kuyang'ana ngati pampas udzu, kapena cortaderia Sello (onani chithunzi pamwambapa). Ichi ndi chomera osatha, kufika kutalika mamita 4. Ndipamene tufts chachikulu chokhala tokhala. Pakuti kunja kukongoletsa ake okwezeka ndi zochititsa chidwi pachimake (panicles akhale woyera, pinki kapena mthunzi wofiirira mpaka masentimita 40) anali wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa alimi ndi wamaluwa. Youma pampas amakhala ndi mvula otsika, choncho amaoneka ngati mmene theka chipululu, nthaka zochepa chonde, pali wambirimbiri m'madambo mchere. Apa zomera ndi osauka kwambiri ndipo ukufanizidwa ndi minga, cacti.

The zomera za Pampa

The zomera nayenso masinthidwe kwambiri chifukwa zochita za anthu. K gulu waukulu pazikhalanso amene angathe kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga (kukafunafuna chakudya, madzi, zovala ndi pogona). Ndi ogwirira ochepa (kuphatikizapo Puma ndi Geoffroy ndi Cat), pampas nswala, Mustangs (kunja kamodzi ku Spain ndi kavalo zakutchire), Azarov Posamu ndi ena.

Pakuti Pampa kunadetsa yodziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya mbalame ndi makoswe. Ambiri a mbalame zosamukasamuka gulu. Akufika mu pampas kwa kukaikira mazira ndi kufungatira. Kutchula zinthu zochepa chabe,.. Ipikaha, ibises, tinamou, etc. The mtundu yamasika akufanana bwino pa partridge, koma mtundu zioneke bwino zikuuluka. Limanenanso okhala Pampas ndi mbalame imodzi wakale - nthiwatiwa Rhea (onani chithunzi.) Wa makoswe Dziwani nutria, bizcacha.

Pampa, ndipo ntchito za anthu

Azungu oyamba anaphunzira zimene pampas mu m'ma 15. Anthu wamba ankachita nawo pa ulimi gawo ndi ziweto ulimi kale kuti. Mozungulira 16-17 zaka anapanga stratum wapadera wa anthu - abusa gauchos. Iwo anali theka-wosamukasamuka, ndipo nthawi zambiri iwo akuyerekezedwa ndi Cowboys North America. The gauchos woyamba anali ana a m'deralo Indian akazi ku Spain. Pakali pano, monga tanenera kale, zochita za anthu zasintha m'chilengedwe kupitirira kuzindikira, pafupifupi munthu ngodya n'komwe. Tsopano ali mmodzi wa zigawo zofunika kwambiri ulimi, komanso Argentina chigawo chachikulu zachuma. Pampa amakhala ndi zake kuli anthu. Motero, 75% ya anthu Argentina a m'dera lino. Mizinda yaikulu - Rosario, La Plata, Lujan, Santa Fe.

Mu pampas gawo anabzala pafupifupi 85% ya chimanga ndi tirigu, mwakula oposa 60% ya chiwerengero cha ziweto. mankhwala zonsezi mbali ambiri zimagulitsidwa ku Argentina ku Europe.

Pa funso la chimene ali pampas, tikhoza kunena motsimikiza kuti: minda. Pankhani yokhudza panali awiri mavuto a zachilengedwe: whittling pansi zomera zachilengedwe ndi steppe kudzitsitsa kuchokera kudyetsa. Komabe, akuluakulu a mayiko ambiri akuyesetsa kuthetsa vutoli ndi kusunga topezeka kudera osachepera pa magawo mwapadera kuteteza zachilengedwe mu malo otetezedwa.