Orchid Care ndi Thirani, nsonga

Ngati inu mukukhulupirira asayansi, maluwa chokongoletsedwa Lapansi zaka 130 miliyoni zapitazo. Monga houseplant ndi, adayala zaka 4000 zapitazo, woyamba mu China ndi Japan, kumene infusions zachipatala, kuyambira nthawi yaitali ankakhulupirira kuti iwo kuchiritsa katundu.

M'mayiko ena, maluwa, chisamaliro ndi kubzala munali kale, anthu East, panali okwana zaka 200 zapitazo ndipo kuyambira chapeza admirers ambiri kukongola kwake.

Orchid mu chilengedwe

Kwa nthawi yaitali anthu Mukulakwitsa poganiza kuti zomera limakula yekha mu nkhalango zotentha, n'zovuta kuti alenge malo abwino kunyumba kwa iye. Ndipotu, pali za 30,000 mitundu ya maluwa kuti akule mu zinthu zosiyana kwambiri nyengo kupewa m'malo ouma kwambiri ndi ozizira.

Chinyengo sanali opusa, kuyambira mitundu yambiri ya zomera Kodi mungakonde otentha mvula ndi yamvula nkhalango, komwe zimakhala zotetezeka ku cheza mwachindunji dzuwa, ndi mpweya mpweya wabwino.

Pakali pano, pali kokha maluwa mu Antarctic, pamene m'mayiko ena mumakhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya izo. Ambiri a mitundu ya maluwa ndi epiphytes ndi akusowa thandizo mu mawonekedwe a mtengo. Komabe, iwo simuli majeremusi, monga chakudya yekha humus masamba ndi tizilombo.

Mbali ya maluwa osiyanasiyana ogona mu mapiri, kusankha mphanga lino, kuti amanyamula chinyezi ndipo ndi chitetezo ku chisanu. Kwa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri, maluwa awa zayambika 'kukula "mizu ndi masamba, zomwe zimathandiza kuti adzapulumuke pa mwambo chilala, kutola chinyezi kuchokera chilengedwe.

Ena mwa iwo pokopa njuchi, pamene ena kusinthidwa ndi kukhala mungu ndi ntchentche, agulugufe, udzudzu, mileme, hummingbirds ndipo ngakhale kudya. Si onse mtundu wawo amatha khazikikani kunja topezeka mwachizolowezi. Maluwa, kumuika ndi chisamaliro kunyumba amene samaperekedwa mavuto ambiri, naperekanso okwana mitundu 50, wotchuka kwambiri wa zimene muli Cambria ndi Phalaenopsis.

mitundu maluwa

Nthawi zambiri, alimi kulabadira zosiyanasiyana mitundu amene popanda kulengedwa kwa microclimate zovuta mu nyumba kapena kutentha. Njirazi ndi monga:

• Phalaenopsis, adayamba anapeza pachilumba cha Ambon ku Indonesia. Mu Greek dzina amatanthauza "ngati njenjete" chifukwa mawonekedwe a maluwa, amene akufanana gulugufe zosowa. Chomera ali 4-6 masamba yobiriwira, lomwe kukula kwa axils wa mapesi maluwa ndi mizu mlengalenga. Zimafalitsidwa ana.
• Cattleya maluwa anapezeka mu katswiri Brazil William Swanson. Dzina loperekedwa ndi anthu, amene anakwanitsa kufika maluwa koyamba mu kutentha wake. Zomera ndi maluwa lalikulu yowala ndipo Moody kwambiri ndipo amafuna chilengedwe cha zinthu ake chinyezi mkulu ndi kuyatsa. Choncho, chotero novice maluwa chisamaliro ndi kumuika zimene zimafuna nthawi zambiri ndi zambiri, si abwino. Ndi bwino kuyamba ndi mitundu zochepa ayi.

• Dendrobium - mmodzi wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kwambiri, zimene zinaphatikizapo kuchokera 1000 kuti mitundu 1400 ndi hybrids wa m'munda. mitundu yonse ya maluwa zingakhale nambala yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa ndi masamba, koma ali limodzi Mbali wamba - ndi petal m'munsi ndi momuzungulira tsinde la duwa. Izi ndiwotani kwambiri pakati wamaluwa zosiyanasiyana zomera, chifukwa iwo alibe amafuna kusamalidwa ndi limamasula kwa masabata awiri kapena isanu ndi umodzi.
• Cumbria - ndi wosakanizidwa, wakula mwachindunji "Mulungu wamoyo" kunyumba. Iwo ndi njira yabwino oyamba amene amafuna kunyumba kwawo anali duwa munda maluwa. Chisamaliro ndi Thirani yake kochepa kwambiri. Iwo adzasangalala mwiniwake limamasula kangapo pa chaka.

Written mabuku, anafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zonse za maluwa - chisamaliro, kutsirira, feteleza ndi zomwe zikusintha zofunika panyumba, kotero kuti ngakhale woyamba akhoza kugula maluwa zosowa mu "chopereka".

Maluwa miphika

Kwa alimi ambiri novice ndi nkhani imene miphika ndi kukula maluwa. Thirani ndi kusamalira m'nyumba ya zomera zambiri zimadalira muli anasankha, malo ndi kutitengera malo yokumba.

Nthawi zambiri izi okonda maluwa amakonda kugula mitundu, nthawi zina mwina kochepa kapena osakhala sakupezeka. Zikuphatikizapo Cymbidium, coelogyne, Phalaenopsis ndi zina. Iwo pachimake chaka chonse, amene makamaka zabwino pamene kuwasamalira.

Pakuti ambiri maluwa nthaka - si njira kuwasunga mu malo olungama, choncho ayenera mulibe "wopondereza" munda nthaka. sukulu ambiri abwino chisakanizo cha anasefa mchenga ndi anawonjezera dongo, Moss, makungwa, malasha ndi Nkhata Bay. Zonsezi ayenera bwino pulverized ndi osokonezeka. Iwe ukhoza kugula okonzeka zopangidwa mix dothi maluwa.

Ena oyamba amakhulupirira kuti ngati chomera mizu lende ku mphika, kotero kuti iye mosamala, ndi kuyesera kumuika maluwa. Orchid chisamaliro ndi kupatsidwa zina zomwe si monga zovuta monga Zikuoneka kuti sayenera akasinja chachikulu bola ngati sasiya kukula.

Mu gawo loyamba m'malo mphika angam'fikire ochiritsira chikho pulasitiki, koma zidalira pa kukula kwa duwa. Lamulo lalikulu la maluwa a - nthaka nthawi zonse lonyowa, choncho m'pofunika osati ngalande ndi mabowo mu mphika, koma thireyi ndi timiyala, amene ayenera kuthira madzi nthawi zonse.

kalasi phalaenopsis

Mtundu wa maluwa palibe nthawi zina ndipo amasangalala eni ndi maluwa chaka chonse, koma kuti watenga mizu ndi flowered zina khama.

• Choyamba, n'kofunika kuti mpweya anali kutenthetsa digiri 25 chaka chonse. Koma limamasula pokhapokha ngati pali kusiyana madigiri 5 pakati usana ndi usiku kutentha. Pa nthawi yomweyo amalenga masamba atsopano maluwa.
• Kachiwiri, kupopera, ikuchitika kamodzi pa tsiku akhale ofanana ndi chifunga madzi. Mankhwala sayenera kuloledwa kukhalabe pa masamba dontho la madzi, koma chinyezi nthawi yomweyo amafuna mkulu. Kuti akonze izo mungagwiritse ntchito thireyi ndi timiyala, amene nthawi zonse madzi. Nkofunika kukumbukira kuti mphika sanali mu madzi, ndi pa miyala, pangakhale lawola mizu.
• Chachitatu, atakula Orchid phalaenopsis, chisamaliro, ndikasendeza mbewu zambiri zimadalira gawo lapansi chimene amalima. Ziyenera kukhala breathable, ndipo mukhoza zigwirizana makungwa, Moss ndi thovu zidutswa. Nkofunika onetsetsani kuti nthaka kwangochepetsako pang'ono chabe achinyezi, osati yonyowa ndi kucheperachepera kutentha gawo lapansi zingachititse muzu zowola.
• Chachinayi, kuthirira zizichitidwa mosamala kwambiri kuti madzi alowa m'munsi mwa bowo kumene mfundoyi kukula. N'zotheka kutsanulira madzi m'mphepete mphika.

Izi kunyumba maluwa chisamaliro kuti kumuika si olemetsa ngati zake zonse "zofuna", chidzabweretsa chisangalalo kwa mwini wake. Zonse yokonza kumene kudzakhale kumaliza kwa maluwa, malidza hule zikamera wa masamba atsopano, kupanga chaka chonse ukufalikira wa iwo.

Thirani maluwa phalaenopsis

Nkofunika kudziwa kuti salola kuwonongedwa kwa gawo lapansi ndi Phalaenopsis Orchid. Kusamalira kunyumba, Thirani zizichitidwa ndi kusamala kwambiri ndi pokhapokha ngati:

• mphika anakhala kwenikweni yaing'ono;
• Plexus anayamba kukhala ndi mizu akufa;
• Gawo lapansi kulephera zinachitika;
• ali kuoneka zolengeza pansi;
• mphamvu akale lafika poipa.

Pa kupatsidwa zina za zomera ayenera mosamala kuchotsedwa mphika. Ngati ndi pulasitiki, ndi bwino kudula izo. Mizu ayenera kumasulidwa ku nthaka yakale, mbewu ndi njira youma lawola ndi rinsed mu madzi oyera.

Botolo latsopano kutsanulira gawo lapansi atsopano, kuziyika izo mu maluwa ndi mokoma kuwaza pansi mipata pakati pa mizu. Nthaka mopepuka moisten ndi ikani mphika mu mthunzi masiku ochepa, iwo chitakhazikitsidwa maluwa. Pambuyo chisamaliro kupatsidwa zina ndi wetting wa gawo lapansi mpaka mbewu sadzailandira. Pambuyo pake, mungasinthe kuti malo mwachizolowezi.

Orchid Cumbria

Mofanana ndi mitundu yonse hybrid a maluwa, Cumbria zosiyanasiyana ayenera okha kuthirira yake, chofunika mlingo wa zounikira ndi kutentha mpweya:

• zomera wakonda kutentha m'chilimwe kuyambira +22 kuti +26, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira - kuchokera +16 digiri +18. Pa maluwa pofuna usana ndi usiku kuti kutentha chinasiyana ndi palibe madigiri kuposa 5-6.
• Malo abwino kwa maluwa Cumbria adzakhala zenera kumadzulo, kum'mawa, kumpoto kum'mawa kapena kumpoto, pamene gawo kuwala koma palibe dzuwa. Pamene chomera limamasula m'dzinja ndi yozizira, m'pofunika dosvechivat fulorosenti ake kuwala.

• Kuthirira pa zosiyanasiyana izi wosakanizidwa ayenera kukhala odziletsa, koma zonse. Iye sangakhoze kulekerera madzi patsogolo, kotero mu thanki ayenera mayenje, ndi ngalande timazipeza osati pansi ake, koma khoma. Kuthirira pambuyo kuumitsa gawo lapansi pambuyo ndondomeko m'mbuyomu.
• Chinyezi ayenera kukhala odziletsa, ndi 30%, koma m'nthawi maluwa akhoza kwambiri kuchuluka, amene angathe kuchitidwa ndi kutuluka utsi maulendo awiri tsiku.
• Feteleza zizichitidwa ndi njira yapadera kwa maluwa kamodzi pa mwezi pa kukula - kuchokera March kuti September. Izi zichitike mosamala, chifukwa, chifukwa unpretentiousness ake onse mtundu uwu wa maluwa sindimakonda nthaka amenewa.

Izi zimafuna kwa maluwa Cambria chisamaliro. Thirani zichitike choncho mphika salinso akomere chomera, koma mu nthawi ya mpumulo. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, mosamala amachotsedwa chidebe akale, mizu anatsuka ndi kuika mu mphika latsopano ndi gawo lapansi ndi.

Kuthilira ndi feteleza maluwa

Oyamba zambiri timaganiza kuti chinthu chokha zofunika maluwa maluwa - chisamaliro ndi kumuika. Kodi bwino kuthirira maluwa, ndikofunika kudziwa komanso. Zambiri izi zimatengera mtundu wa mbewu. Ena akufuna kuti madzi pamene gawo lapansi awo sanayambebe kwathunthu adzauma, ndi ena, kuti anali mouma.

Koma ambiri kunyumba maluwa amakonda nthaka lonyowa, pamene kuthirira ayenera kuganizira chinyezi ndi kupopera ikuchitika tsiku. Atakula chisamaliro maluwa, kumuika (Photo amachitira zimenezi) ayenera madzi okwanira zolimbitsa. Ngati yochepa mbewu chingathe kupirira nthaka youma, chinyezi amachititsa muzu zowola, tingayambe kuwonongedwa kwake.

Madzi ulimi wothirira ayenera kukhala ofewa, ndi chifukwa ninji ndikuchifuna kuteteza kapena wiritsani kachiwiri. Desirably, kutentha anali madigiri ochepa otentha kuposa mlengalenga. M'nthawi ya chilimwe, maluwa ndi madzi 3 pa sabata, pamene m'nyengo yozizira, monga pawiri.

Maluwa anabzala miphika, kutsirira ikuchitika kuchokera kumwamba, ngati zomera madengu kapena mabokosi, iwo amizidwa mu chidebe cha madzi kwa mphindi zisanu, ndiye kulola kukhetsa madzi owonjezera.

Feteleza mitundu yonse ya maluwa imagwiridwa kamodzi pa mwezi pa nyengo ya kukula yogwira. Pofuna kupewa mchere wa m'madzi a gawo lapansi, ndi wolakalakika Njira ndi kusamba wake. Simungathe kukumana ndi maluwa m'nyengo yozizira ndi nthawi zina, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza mchere anaikira mitundu ina.

Pankhani ya maluwa bwino underfeeding kuposa kuwononga kuvala owonjezera.

Cropping ndi kuyatsa

Chinthu chachikulu kuti amafuna mwiniwake wa maluwa ndi - chisamaliro ndi kumuika (ngati n'koyenera). Komabe, cropping nawonso amakhudza onse kukula ndi maluwa. Zomera amene simukudziwa nthawi zina, izo ziyenera kuperekedwa nthawi iliyonse chimazilala. Pambuyo maluwa kuguluka, gawo ili la mmera kudula, zolimbikitsa kuti apange masamba atsopano mu axils tsamba.

Malinga ndi mitundu ya maluwa akhoza kudula kuchokera zimayambira kwathunthu kapena kokha mbali komwe ukufalikira. Malinga m'litali pa izo nthawizonse 3 mpaka 5 "matalala" impso. Ngati odulidwa wa peduncle pa iwo, zingakudzutsireni maluwa kuika latsopano mbali mwana.

Pamene funso ili pafupi kodi kukhala mu nkhani za maluwa, tiyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti ngakhale mtundu iwo samakonda mwachindunji dzuwa. Kuwala ayenera kukhala lowala, koma zinachititsa. Ngati akusowa, duwa adzakupatsani chizindikiro ichi kusintha mtundu tsamba kuti wotumbululuka mtundu wobiriwira. Ngati nthawi yanji kanthu, iwo amayamba kutembenukira chikasu ndi kukoka, kuyesera "amayesetsa" dziko. Ndi chokwanira kuchititsa maluwa, adafendera kubwerera mwakale.

Mu nthawi kuchokera March kuti September-October taona maluwa kukula nyengo, choncho kumafunika kuwala, koma mbali pa zenera dzuwa bwino pritenyat. M'dzinja ndi yozizira M'malo mwake, izo zifika mtendere, koma okhwima masamba atsopano ndi mphukira, kuti kutalikitsa maola masana mothandizidwa ndi nyali fulorosenti, kubweretsa kwa chofunika maola 12.

Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

Kawirikawiri, ngati bwino ankasamalira maluwa simukhala odwala, koma ngati mwadongosolo kuphwanya malamulo, zikhoza kuyambitsa mavuto adzaoneni. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa angayambitse mavuto monga:

• Laxity masamba, imene nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa kuwonongeka kwa mizu. M'pofunika onani mkhalidwe wawo ndi mosamala kuchotsa mizu kuonongeka.
• Masamba akhoza kupereka mng'alu pa kusintha mofulumira kutentha, makamaka kuthirira.
• cheza dzuwa chagwiritsidwa mbewu amayaka, chifukwa mu maonekedwe a wakuda mawanga, mayenje, ndi zophuka zosiyanasiyana.
• Masamba ayamba kufota ndi kuvunda, chifukwa cha zimenezi yofewa wamphamvu nthata zakhazikika pakati pa rosettes, kapena akangaude, kuphimba cobweb ake silvery a m'midzi yawo. Kuti tichotse iwo, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito acaricide wapadera.
• Ngati duwa watha kukula ndi pachimake, muyenera fufuzani mkati mwa masamba, kumene iwo angakhoze moyo nematodes kuti kudya timadziti ake. Zokwanira kusamalira mbewu nematicides, kuzibweretsa izo ku moyo.

Ngati inu kuchita zonse za mtundu anasankha zofuna maluwa chisamaliro, ndiye mavuto izi zikhoza kupewedwa.

maluwa maluwa

Ngati maluwa novice bloomed, kotero iye anatembenuka ovomereza, nanga kuti mtima wake ndi kovuta. Kuti tichite zimenezi, muyenera kutsatira zofunikira za chisamaliro capricious mbewu. Nkofunika kukumbukira kuti maluwa amenewa ayamba pachimake kwa zaka pafupifupi ziwiri.

Komanso, alimbikitseni, chomwe ndi zofunika kusunga boma kuwala, limene kwa mitundu yambiri ndi maola 12. Muyeneranso kulenga kumanga pakati 5-7 madigiri pakati usana ndi usiku mpweya kutentha.

Monga njira yomalizira, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwa chilengedwe mwachizolowezi Mwachitsanzo, kuligwira masabata pa kutentha madigiri 16 kapena kuvina kuthirira. kwambiri zinthu angabweretse kwa maluwa bloomed. Osamala maluwa, kupatsidwa zina (ngati n'koyenera) ali ophweka. Mu nthawi zina kuchita kudulira duwa phesi ndi kutsatira zofuna zofunika ulimi wothirira, kutentha mpweya ndi kuwala.