Zambiri njira. Zochotsa limagwirira. Zambiri makina tsiku ndi tsiku

Kuyambira nthawi zakale munthu ayesera kuti atsogolere ntchito yake. Kuti tichite zimenezi, iye anagwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zipangizo. Kodi limagwirira yosavuta? ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipangizo zimenezi? kusiyana kumodzi ndi njira zovuta ziti? Pa izi ndi zambiri zina - Patapita nkhaniyi.

zambiri

Zambiri njira (kuchokera Greek "mfuti ya makina".) - zipangizo kuti kupereka mwayi makina. Zina mwa zipangizozi anaonekera mu nthawi yakale kwambiri. njira yosavuta angakhale zipangizo osiyana kapena zinthu kukhala zovuta kuposa aggregates. Malinga mtundu dongosolo lokhazikika komanso kuchuluka kwa chipangizo chinachake. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zophweka kwambiri facilitates zochita za anthu. zipangizo amenewa ntchito makina. Mwachitsanzo, mphero amene anathamangitsidwa mu billet ndi mwamphamvu kuposa nkhonyayo kwa chipangizo. Choncho mtengo mofulumira akuphulikira padera. Ndi ichi, zimakhudza mphero ukugwa kunsi, ndi mbali imakhudzidwa payekha mbali chipika. Ndiko iyi pali kusinthika mu malangizo kuyenda.

Zambiri njira. zitsanzo

Pali mitundu ingapo ya zipangizo:

okonda ndege

a) wononga mu zomangira ntchito monga kubowola jackhammer, akufa pochita; ndi angathe kutumikira monga limagwirira kukweza (Archimedes kagwere) ;

b) mpheroyo kumawonjezera kuthamanga chifukwa cha ndende misa mu malo aang'ono. Izo ntchito mu dziwe la, fosholo, mkondo.

Ndalezo - chipangizo anafotokozedwa ndi Archimedes. Kumachititsa munthu choyambitsa lophimba.

a) chipata ntchito ya galimoto lamba ndi kutukula madzi bwino.

Gudumu (3 anatulukira zikwi. BC. E. Sumerians) ndi mbali ya chitetezo cha zida ntchito zoyendera lapansi.

The pisitoni kumathandiza kuti ntchito mphamvu ya mpweya mkangano kuwonjezera kapena nthunzi. chipangizo ichi ntchito injini nthunzi ndi mfuti.

chipata

chipangizo Izi ndi ng'oma (yamphamvu), kumene chogwirira ndi kufunana. Monga ulamuliro, izo ntchito ngati zochotsa limagwirira kuukitsa madzi bwino. The phindu mu mphamvu, amene analandira ndi ntchito chipata anatsimikiza ndi chiŵerengero cha utali wozungulira bwalo, pa zomwe gulu la chogwirira kwa yamphamvu utali wozungulira (ng'oma) imene chilonda chingwe. Mtundu yamakono ya chipata akutchula winch. chipangizo Ichi ndi dongosolo chikukhudza ndi yamphamvu ndi awiri mawilo imodzi ya radii osiyana. The phindu mu mphamvu imene ambiri amapereka winch kudziwa zotsatira kuphatikiza wa makolala awiri. zipangizo zamakono kupereka phindu mu nthawi makumi zana limodzi.

okonda ndege

limagwirira Izi kumodzi amagwiritsidwanso pamene akukweza matupi lolemera. The phindu mu mphamvu anatsimikiza chiŵerengero cha kutalika kwa chipangizo kutalika kwake anapereka mikangano yaing'ono. Nthawi zambiri, kupanga gulu lalikulu (mwachitsanzo, kwa Chombo kapena akuwaza nkhuni) amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi okonda ndege view - mphero. Zimenezi zachokera chakuti pamene gulu lalikulu mu mbuyo n'kupanga magulu lalikulu perpendicular pamalo mbali ya chipangizo. mtundu wina wa wononga ndi ndege otsamira. Komanso mphero, chipangizo ichi amatha kusintha malangizo kapena mtengo M'ndandanda ntchito mphamvu.

Zambiri njira. ndalezo

Izi olimba, angathe likuzungulira thandizo (atathana). Mtunda yayifupi umene umawalekanitsa fulcrum ndi mzere wolunjika imene mphamvu amachita pa chokhethemulira, otchedwa mphamvu phewa. Kupeza izo, muyenera kusiya ndi perpendicular kuchokera fulcrum mphamvu ya mzere. M'litali perpendiculars adzakhala phewa. F1 ndi F2 - mphamvu kuchita ndalezo lapansi. Mapewa, kumvera chipangizo - L1 ndi L2. The ndalezo ndiye mu mgwirizano gulu kuchitapo kanthu ndi inversely molingana ndi mapewa. lamulo ili tingasonyezere monga njira: F1 / F2 = L1 / L2. Mfundo chinakhazikitsidwa ndi Archimedes. ulamuliro Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti gulu lalikulu mwa muyezo ndalezo akhoza zing'onozing'ono. mphamvu ntchito kwa phewa limodzi, nthawi zambiri kuposa ntchito kwa ena, mochuluka bwanji limodzi kuposa wachiwiri.

Kodi ntchito zida anthu lero?

zachilendo makina yosavuta tsiku ndi tsiku. Choncho, kungakhale kovuta kutsegula wapampopi, ngati iye analibe chogwirira laling'ono, limene ndi chokhethemulira mokwanira ogwira. N'chimodzimodzinso anati kwa wrench ndi njira imene tithe kumvetsa kumasulira kwake kapena kumanga ndi zomangira kapena akapichi. The yaitali chokhethemulira, kosavuta zidzakhala kanthu. Choncho, polankhula ndi mtedza lalikulu kapena olemera ndi akapichi kwa yokonza makina zovuta, zipangizo za makina, magalimoto, mafungulo ntchito ndi amangomvera wa mita imodzi m'litali. The chitseko ambiri ndi mmodzi wa mitundu ya zipangizo pansi kulingalira. Ngati mumayesa chitseko pafupi kuphatikana ake, kudzakhala kovuta kwambiri. Komabe, ndi zina kuchokera kuzungulira chogwiririra ndi, kosavuta ndi kutsegula chitseko. Mokwanira Chitsanzo chabwino ndi m'chipinda chotetezeka mtengo. m'litali ndi zisanu mamita. Ndi chokhethemulira ichi ndi molondola ntchito mphamvu ndi wothamanga amalowerera kuuluka ndi kutalika mamita asanu. Mkono yaitali Pankhaniyi pafupifupi atatu mamita. Levers amapezeka mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi komanso thupi nyama. Izi, makamaka, nsagwada, miyendo. Zitsanzo ndi banja ndalezo pliers kudula pepala kapena zitsulo lumo. Makina a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mapulani ake ndiponso zipangizo zimene kulola phindu mu mphamvu. Mwachitsanzo, ngo kapena dzanja ananyema pa njinga, kusoka makina amangomvera, makiyi limba.

zipangizo zovuta ntchito

njira yosavuta zimapezeka zosiyanasiyana osakaniza. zipangizo amaphatikizidwa ndi magawo awiri kapena kuposa. Sikuti idzakhala limagwirira zovuta - ambiri zipangizo yosavuta n'kovuta. Choncho, pano chopukusira chogwirira (chipata) propulsive wononga nyama ndi mpeni wodula (mphero). The wotchi mivi ndi zimayenda mwa dongosolo la magiya ndi awiri osiyana ndipo ndi mnzake mu chinkhoswe. Munthu wodziwika limagwirira ndi wopepuka kuphatikiza Jack. Ndi ntchito osakaniza chipata ozungulira.

Pomaliza

Monga zinadziwika, njira yosavuta kwambiri atsogolere ntchito anthu. Iwo chingakhale mbali umodzi kapena kuposerapo. Choncho ngakhale pamene zinthu ziwiri kapena zambiri akhoza kumodzi, koma n'kovuta kwambiri. aggregates zosiyanasiyana, makina osindikizira, injini ndi magawo angapo. Mwa zinthu, pali levers, midadada, zomangira, gudumu pa nkhwangwa oblique ndege mphero. Zonse mwa zipangizozi ntchito zovuta kwambiri. Chifukwa cha iwo, munthu kwambiri facilitates ntchito. The kulanda mphamvu mawotchi ku gawo limodzi chipangizo wina akhoza kuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Msampha, malamba, magiya, kapena magiya amaonedwa zipangizo ambiri mu kufala kwa pantchitoyi ndipo chimapangitsa zinthu payekha kusuntha pang'onopang'ono kapena mofulumira njira imodzi kapena wina. Zovuta ndi ulamuliro mkulu-liwiro zipangizo, zambiri zamakono. masensa magetsi chifukwa kolowera amasonyeza apadera zofunika monga munthu kapena limagwirira zina amagwiritsidwanso kuunikira ntchito lolondola ndi khola la kachitidwe. zipangizo ambiri mu moyo wa munthu masiku ano m'masiku akale kwambiri. Anthu zonse kuwongolera njira zovuta, motero poonetsa kuchuluka kwa ntchito yawo. Mosakayikira, zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zofunika kwambiri pamoyo wawo. Kwambiri simungathe kulingalira popanda kugwiritsa ntchito njira yosavuta komanso zovuta. Zipangizo ankagwiritsa ntchito yomanga, ulimi, mu migodi ndi m'madera ena a zochita za anthu.