Zochitika zamakono mu moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku

Dziko lozungulira ife, ndi chuma chake chonse ndi zosiyanasiyana, limakhala ndi malamulo, omwe amafotokozedwa mosavuta ndi chithandizo cha sayansi monga physics ndi chemistry. Ndipo ngakhale pa maziko a ntchito yovuta ya thupi loopsya ngati munthu, samangokhala kanthu koma zochitika zamakina ndi njira.

Tanthauzo ndi zitsanzo

Chitsanzo cha pulayimale ndi ketulo yotentha. Patapita kanthawi, madzi amayamba kutentha, kenako wiritsani. Tidzamva khalidwe lake, ma jets of steam adzauluka kuchokera pakamwa pa ketulo. Kodi izo zinachokera kuti, chifukwa izo sizinali poyamba mu mbale! Inde, koma madzi, pa kutentha kwake, amayamba kukhala mpweya, kusintha thupi lake kuchokera ku madzi kupita ku gaseous. I. Iye anakhalabe madzi omwewo, pakalipano tsopano monga mawonekedwe a nthunzi. Ichi ndi chodabwitsa.

Ndipo tidzawona zozizwitsa zamagulu ngati tiponya paketi ya tiyi m'madzi otentha. Madzi mu galasi kapena chotengera china chidzakhala chofiira. Padzakhala mankhwala omwe amachititsa: pansi pa mphamvu ya kutentha, masamba a tiyi ayamba kufota, kuwonetsa mtundu wa pigments ndi kukoma kwa thupi. Tidzatenga mankhwala atsopano - zakumwa ndi zinazake, zomwe zimangokhala ndi makhalidwe abwino. Ngati tiwonjezerapo supuni zingapo za shuga kwa izo, zidzasungunuka (momwe thupi likuchitira), ndipo tiyi idzakhala yosangalatsa (mankhwala). Motero, zochitika zamagetsi ndi zamagulu zimagwirizanitsa komanso zimagwirizana. Mwachitsanzo, ngati thumba lomwelo likuyikidwa m'madzi ozizira, palibe chomwe chidzachitikire, masamba a tiyi ndi madzi sangagwirizanane, ndipo shuga sudzawononganso.

Motero, zochitika zamakono ndizo zomwe zina zimakhala zina (madzi mu tiyi, madzi mu madzi, nkhuni mu phulusa, ndi zina zotero.) Apo ayi, chodabwitsa cha mankhwala chimatchedwa mankhwala reaction.

Zochitika zakuthupi ndizo zomwe zimapangidwanso ndi mankhwala, ndipo dziko lonse, kukula kwa thupi, mawonekedwe, ndi zina zimasintha. (Chitsime chosokonezeka, madzi ozizira mu ayezi, nthambi ya mtengo, wosweka pakati).

Zinthu zochitika ndi kuphulika

Zomwe zimachitika ngati mankhwala ndi zowoneka, tikhoza kuweruza ndi zizindikiro ndi kusintha komwe kumachitika mu izi kapena thupi kapena mankhwala. Motero, machitidwe ambiri amatsutso akuphatikiza ndi "zizindikiritso" zotsatirazi:

• Chifukwa chake kapena pamene kutuluka kwadzidzidzi kumachitika;
• Mtundu wa mankhwalawo umasintha;
• Gasi ikhoza kumasulidwa, mwachitsanzo, carbon dioxide pa nthawi yoyaka;
• Pali kutengeka kapena, kutanthauza, kumasulidwa kwa kutentha;
• N'zotheka kutulutsa kuwala.

Kuti zochitika zamakono zizichitika, i.e. Zochitika zinachitika, zina ndizofunika:

• Kuchitapo kanthu zinthu ziyenera kukhudza, zithandizana wina ndi mzake (mwachitsanzo, mowa womwewo uyenera kutsanulidwa mu mugugu ndi madzi otentha);
• Mankhwalawa ndi bwino kugaya, ndiye zomwe zimayambira zidzapitirira mofulumira, mmalo mwake chiyanjano chidzabwera (shuga adzasungunuka, kusungunuka m'madzi otentha kusiyana ndi ziphuphu);
• Kuti zinthu zambiri zithe kuchitika, muyenera kusintha kutentha kwa zigawozo, kuzizira kapena kutenthetsera kutentha kwake.

Onetsetsani kuti zotsatirazi zimakhala zovuta. Koma mukhoza kufotokoza pamapepala mothandizidwa ndi chemical equation ( chemical reaction equation ).

Zina mwazimenezi zimagwiritsanso ntchito kutuluka kwa zochitika zakuthupi, mwachitsanzo, kusintha kwa kutentha kapena kugwirizana kwa zinthu, matupi wina ndi mnzake. Tangoganizani, ngati mutagunda mwamphamvu ndi nyundo pamutu pamsomali, ikhoza kupunduka, kutaya mawonekedwe ake. Koma iye adzakhalabe mutu wa msomali. Kapena, pamene babu la magetsi imadulidwa mu maunyolo, tungsten mawonekedwe mkati mwake amayamba kuwomba ndi kuwala. Komabe, chinthu chimene filament imapangidwira, ndipo chidzakhalabe tungsten yomweyo.

Kulongosola kwa kayendedwe ka thupi ndi zozizwitsa zimapezeka mwa njira zakuthupi, njira yothetsera mavuto.