A Mongol akugonjetsa. The Golden Horde. Anthu a ku Mongolia anaukira dziko la Russia

M'zaka za m'ma XIII Mongolia anamanga ufumu ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri contiguous mu mbiri ya anthu. Iwo linayambira ku Russia kwa Asia Southeast ku Korea ku Middle East. Magulu a wongosamukasamuka anawononga mazana a m'midzi, ndipo zidawawononga ambiri limati. Dzina la tate wa Mongol Ufumu wa Genghis Khan wakhala chizindikiro cha lonse la Ages Middle.

Jin

Choyamba Mongol Kugonjetsedwa anakhudzidwa China. Lakumwamba wongosamukasamuka nagonjetsa sakhala pomwepo. Nkhondo Mongolian-Japanese lagawidwa masiteji atatu. Woyamba anali nkhondo ya State wa Jin (1211-1234). Kuti kampeni kutsogoleredwa ndi Genghis Khan yekha. asilikali analipo zikwi zana anthu. Mongolia sanachedwe kuvomereza oyandikana nawo mafuko Uighurs ndi Karluk.

Woyamba analandidwa Fuzhou City kumpoto Jin. Osati kutali m'chaka cha 1211 kunali nkhondo yaikulu ya lokwera Ehulin. Nkhondoyi lalikulu akatswiri ankhondo ogwira Jin anawonongedwa. Popeza anapambana woyamba chigonjetso yaikulu Mongol asilikali anathyola Wamkulu Wall - chotchinga akale anamanga motsutsa Huns chete. Kamodzi China, wayamba kuti tikafunkhe mzinda Chinese. M'nyengo yozizira, ndi wongosamukasamuka anapuma ku steppe awo, koma tsopano anabwerera kasupe aliyense chifukwa cholimbana latsopano.

Mu nkhonya ya steppe State wa Jin adayamba kugwa. Motsutsa Jurchen, amene analamulira dziko, anayamba kumuukira Chinese chikhalidwe ndi Khitan. Ambiri a iwo anathandiza Mongolia, poganiza kuti ntchito kumenyera ufulu. kuwerengetsera awa anali kungochita. Kuwononga dziko la anthu, akulu Genghis Khan sanafune kulenga boma chifukwa ena. Mwachitsanzo, breakaway ku East Jin Liao inatenga zaka makumi awiri okha. Mongolia mwaluso atamangika ogwirizana zosakhalitsa. Cholimbana ndi adani ndi thandizo lawo, iwo anamuchotsa anthu ndi "abwenzi."

Mu 1215, ku Mongolia analanda anapsa Beijing (ndiye anatenga dzina Zhongdu). Mpaka zaka zingapo steppe izo anachita machenjerero a anawazunza. Pambuyo pa imfa ya Genghis Khan Khagan (Great Khan), mwana wake Ogedei. Anasamukira ku machenjerero a kugonjetsa. Pamene Ugadei Mongolia potsiriza anagwirizana Jin kuti ufumu wake. Mu 1234, wolamulira lotsiriza la State Aytszun anadzipha. Mongol kuwukira anawononga kumpoto China, koma chiwonongeko cha Jin chinali chiyambi chabe cha ulendo wopambana wa wongosamukasamuka la Europe ndi ku Asia.

XI Xia

Tangut XI Xia State (Western Xia) anali m'dziko lotsatira kuti agonjetsedwe ndi asilikaliwa. Genghis Khan anagonjetsa ufumu mu 1227. XI Xia wotanganidwa dera kumadzulo kwa Mafumu Jin. Mzindawu umayang'anira gawo la Great silika Road, zomwe analonjeza olemera zofunkha wongosamukasamuka. Steppe anazinga ndi unawononge- likulu Tanguts Chung Hsing. Genghis Khan anafa, akuchokera ntchito imeneyi. Tsopano anzake anali kutsiriza ntchito tate wa ufumu.

Kumwera Song

Woyamba Mongol kugonjetsa boma, olengedwa mwa anthu osakhala Chinese ku China. Ndipo Jin ndi XI Xia sanali China m'lingaliro lenileni la mawu. Tsankho Chinese m'zaka XIII, olamulidwa kokha theka kum'mwera kwa China, kumene kunali cha Kumwera Song Ufumu. nkhondo anayamba naye 1235.

Ena zaka asilikaliwa anaukira China yotopetsa kwa osaleka anawazunza. Mu 1238, Sun wachita kulipira msonkho, kenako anawazunza Chilango idaleka. Osalimba osayanjanitsika anakhazikitsa kwa zaka 13. Mbiri ya Mongol nkhondo amadziwa nthawi zambiri. Oyendayenda "anakoloweka" ndi dziko limodzi kuganizira kugonjetsa nawo nyumba.

Mu 1251 watsopano Great Khan anakhala Munch. Poyambitsa nkhondo yatsopano ndi Song. Pa mutu wa msonkhano anali ankachitika m'bale Kublai Khan. nkhondo kwa zaka zambiri. Adayimba bwalo capitulated mu 1276, ngakhale kulimbana magulu osiyana a ufulu Chinese chinakhalapo mpaka 1279. Only ndiye Kodi Mongol goli anakhazikitsa pa dziko lonse la China. Back mu 1271 Kublai Khan anayambitsa ya Mafumu n'chokwana. Iye analamulira China mpaka m'ma XIV atumwi, pamene unagonjetsedwa ndi Red Wachifumu Anakana.

Korea ndi Burma

M'malire a kummawa kwa boma analengedwa pa Mongol nkhondo, anali limodzi ndi Korea. The nkhondo yolimbana linayamba 1231. Aliyense ndi zisanu ndi nkhondo. Chifukwa cha kuwombera ochuluka a Korea anakhala State kupereka msonkho kwa n'chokwana. Mongol goli pa chilumba inatha mu 1350.

Kumapeto osiyana wongosamukasamuka Asian anafika malire a achikunja Ufumu Burma. Woyamba Mongol zothandiza kuti mu dziko a zaka 1270th. Khubilai mobwerezabwereza kulephereka kampeni yolimbana ndi achikunja chifukwa cha zolakwa zawo nalo la Vietnam. Ku Asia, ku Mongolia anali kulimbana ndi anthu ameneŵa komanso ndi zachilendo kutentha. Asilikali anali kuvutika ndi malungo, nchifukwa chake zonse anabwerera kudziko lakwawo. Komabe, ndi 1287 anagonjetsa Burma wakhala akwaniritsa.

Nkhondo ya Japan ndi India

Si onse nkhondo yogonjetsa, yomwe inayamba ana a Genghis Khan, akupambana. Kawiri (kuyesa koyamba mu 1274, wachiwiri - mu 1281) Habil anayesa kugonjetsa Japan. Chifukwa chaichi, China akumanga zombo zikuluzikulu, yemwe analibe analogues mu Ages Middle. Asilikaliwa sadziwa panyanja. sitima zawo agonjetsedwa ndi zombo Japanese. Mu ulendo wachiwiri kwa chilumba cha Kyushu, anapezeka ndi anthu 100 zikwi Komabe, sanathe kupambana.

dziko lina osati anagonjetsa Mongolia anakhala India. Ana a Genghis Khan anamva za chuma cha dziko ichi ndi kulota kuti kuwagonjetsa. North India pa nthawi imeneyo a Delhi Sultanate. Kwa nthawi yoyamba asilikaliwa litalanda m'gawo lake mu 1221. Oyendayenda kuti anawononga ena zigawo (Lahore, Multan, Peshawar), koma asanagonjetse si anafika. Mu 1235 iwo anagwirizana awo Mphamvu Kashmir. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XIII asilikaliwa atalanda Punjab ndi kupita ngakhale Delhi. Ngakhale ndawala yowononga, wongosamukasamuka ndiribe anakwanitsa kupeza kufalikira India.

Karakatiyskoe Khanate

Mu 1218 magulu a asilikali a ku Mongolia, kumenyana pamaso okha China, kwa nthawi yoyamba anatembenuka akavalo awo kumadzulo. Pa ulendo wawo anali Central Asia. Pano, pa dera la Kazakhstan ano, anali Qara Khitai zochokera Karakitais (ethnically pafupi asilikaliwa ndi Khitan).

Malamulo a kuti State wakhala nthawi yaitali odana Genghis Khan Kuchlug. Kukonzekera kulimbana naye, ku Mongolia anabweretsa kumbali yake zina anthu Turkic Semirechye. Oyendayenda anali mothandizidwa ndi Karluk Arslan Khan ndi mkulu wa mzinda wa Almalyk Bouzar. Komanso, anathandizidwa ndi Asilamu amangokhala, amene Mongolia anatilola akuchititsa kulambira kwa anthu (zomwe si tichitira Kuchlug).

The ntchito yochotsa ndi Qara Khitai lotsogoleredwa ndi mmodzi wa myriarchs waukulu Genghis Khan Jebe. Iye anagonjetsa East Turkestan ndi Mitsinje Zisanu ndi ziwiri. Anagonja Kuchlug anathamangira mu Pamir mapiri. Pali Iye anagwidwa ndi kuphedwa.

Khorezm

Wina Mongol kugonjetsa Mwachidule, anali yekha sitepe yoyamba anagonjetsa lonse Central Asia. m'dera lina lalikulu, kuwonjezera pa Qara Khitai anali anthu Turkey, Iranians ndi ufumu Chisilamu la Khorezm. Pa nthawi yomweyo Ine ndikudziwa iwo anali Polovtsian (Kipchak). M'mawu ena, Khorezm anali kuipidwa mitundu yense. Kum'khutiritsa asilikaliwa ntchito mwaluso zotsutsana mkati mwa mphamvu zazikulu.

Ngakhale Genghis Khan anakhazikitsa Khorezm kunja ubwenzi. Mu 1215, iye anatumizidwa ku dziko la amalonda awo. World ndi Khorezm Mongolia anafunika atsogolere anagonjetsa pafupi Qara Khitai. Pamene dziko lino unagonjetsedwa, anali kwa mnzake.

Mongol nkhondoyo anali kale padziko lonse, ndipo Khorezm kuti ubwenzi kungoganiza ndi wongosamukasamuka ankapatsidwa mosamala. Zifukwa kuswa mwamtendere steppe okhala anatulukira mwangozi. Bwanamkubwa wa mzinda wa Otrar amalonda Mongol amaganiziridwa espionage ndipo anawapha. Zitatha izi chiwawa nkhondo osaganiza anakhala mosalephera.

Genghis Khan anaukira Khorezm mu 1219. Potsindika kufunika ulendo, adatenga pamodzi ndi Iye mu njira ya ana ake onse. Ogedei Chagatai ndipo anapita kukazungulira Otrar. Jochi anatsogolera asilikali chachiwiri, popeza anasamukira ku mbali ndi Jenda Sygnak. Asilikali lachitatu umalimbana Khujand. Genghis Khan yekha ndi mwana wake Tolu anatsatira kwa mzinda wolemera akale Samarkand. mizindayi anagwidwa ndi kulanda katundu.

Mu Samarkand, kumene anthu 400,000 ankakhala moyo panali m'modzi yekha mu eyiti. Otrar, Jenda, Sygnak ndiponso mizinda ina ambiri a ku Central Asia anali ataphedwa kwathunthu (lero lokha Mabwinja ofukulidwa zili malo awo). Ndi 1223 Khorezm unagonjetsedwa. Mongol kugonjetsa yokutidwa gawo lalikulu ku Nyanja Caspian kwa Indus.

Popeza anagonjetsa Khorezm, wongosamukasamuka anapeza yekha Njira ina kumadzulo - pa dzanja limodzi Russia, ndi pa zina - ku Middle East. Pamene ogwirizana Mongol Ufumu anakomoka ku Central Asia anatuluka Ilkhanate, amene analamulira ana a Genghis Khan ndi mdzukulu Hulagu. Ufumu umenewu analipo mpaka 1335.

Anatoly

Atalandidwa Khorezm anansi kumadzulo kwa asilikaliwa anakhala Seljuk Turkey. chikhalidwe chawo, Sultanate wa ramu, yomwe ili m'dera la Turkey zamakono pa chilumba cha Malaya Aziya. M'dera limeneli panali dzina lina mbiri - Anatoly. Kuwonjezera boma Seljuk, panali Greek ufumu - zidutswa zimene zinachitika pambuyo poti adani a Constantinople ndi Akhristu ndi kugwa kwa Ufumu wa Byzantine mu 1204.

The anagonjetsa Anatolia chinkhoswe Mongolian temnik Baiju, amene anali bwanamkubwa wa Iran. Iye adayitana Seljuk Sultan Kay-Khusrau II aziwachonderera tributary wongosamukasamuka. Zamanyazi maganizo anakanidwa. Mu 1241, poyankha demarche ndi Baiju litalanda Anatolia ndi asilikali anabwera Erzurum. Patapita miyezi iwiri kuzinga mzinda lidagwa. Makoma ake adaonongedwa ndi kuwombera kuchokera catapult, ndipo anthu ambiri anaphedwa kapena achifwamba.

Kai Khosrow II Komabe, musataye mtima. Anapempha thandizo la mayiko Greek (ndi Trebizond Ufumu wa Nicaea), komanso Chijojiya ndi Chiameniya akalonga. Mu 1243 asilikali antimongolskoy Mgwirizano anakumana ankhondowo ku phiri gorge Köse Dagh. Oyendayenda anagwiritsa ntchito njira awo ankakonda. The Mongolia, n'kumaganiza kuti abwerere, anapanga mchitidwe zonyenga mwadzidzidzi counterattacked otsutsa. Seljuk asilikali ndi anzawo idagonjetsedwa. Atapambana nkhondoyo, ku Mongolia anagonjetsa Anatolia. Mu pangano mtendere, hafu ya Sultanate wa ramu anali linalanda kwa ufumu wawo, ndi zina anayamba kupereka msonkho.

Near East

Mu 1256 Genghis Khan ndi mdzukulu Hulagu anatsogolera ulendo ku Middle East. Yapaderayi yomwe inatenga zaka 4. Iwo unali umodzi wa misonkhano yokopa kwambiri wofuna wa asilikali Mongol. Woyamba zikuphedwa steppe anatembenuka boma Nizari ku Iran. Hulagu anawoloka Amu Darya Mtsinje ndi analanda mzinda Muslim mu Kuhistan.

Ndi kuwina hizaritami, Mongol Khan anacheukira anthu Baghdad, komwe malamulo a Caliph Al-Mustatim. Mu mfumu yotsiriza ya Abbasid mafumu sanali angakanedi chiguluchi, koma modzikuza anakana mwamtendere kugonjera alendo. Mu 1258, ku Mongolia anazungulira Baghdad. Ankhondowo ntchito zida asilikali, ndipo anayamba kumenya. mzinda kwathunthu atazunguliridwa ndi mosatsata thandizo kuchokera kunja. Patapita milungu iwiri, Baghdad anagwa.

Likulu la Abbasid Caliphate, ngale ya dziko la chisilamu, anali anagwetsa pansi. Asilikaliwa sanalekerere wapadera zipilala kamangidwe, iwo anawononga sukulu, m'ng'anjo Tigirisi wapatali buku. The looting wa Baghdad inasanduka mtolo wa kusonkhezera chomenyedwa. kugwa kwake limaimira mapeto a akale Golden Age of Islam.

Zimene zinachitika kwa Baghdad anayamba ndawala Mongol ku Palestine. Mu 1260, zinachitika Nkhondo ya Ain Jalut. Mamluk Aigupto anagonjetsa alendo. Chifukwa kugonjetsedwa ndi asilikaliwa chinali chifukwa chakuti madzulo a Hulagu, pakumva za imfa ya Mangu Hagan, anabwerera ku Caucasus. Mu Palestine, anasiya asilikali Kitbugu ndi asilikali kakang'ono kamene agonjetsedwa ndi Aluya mwachibadwa. Komanso mu Muslim Middle East, ku Mongolia sakanakhoza kusuntha. M'malire a ufumu wawo wachita Tigirisi ndi Firate.

Nkhondo ya Kalka

Ndawala yoyamba ya ku Mongolia ku Ulaya anayamba pamene wongosamukasamuka anathamangitsa wolamulira wobisala mwa Khorezm, anafika steppe Polovtsian. Pa nthawi yomweyo kufunika kwa kugonjetsa Genghis Khan Kipchak analankhula. Mu 1220 anapita asilikali yoyendayenda Caucasus, kumene anasamukira ku World Old. Iwo anawononga dziko Lezgin anthu wamakono Dagestan. Ndiye Mongolia koyamba kukumana ndi Polovtsy ndi Alans.

Kipchaks, pozindikira kuopsa kwa alendo sanatiitane, anatumiza akazembe ku dziko Russian, kuwapempha East Asilavo olamulira thandizo yeniyeni. Ife tidamuyankha ndi kuitana Mstislav Old (Great Prince wa Kiev), Mstislav Udatny (Prince Galitsky), Daniil Romanovich (Volynia) Mstislav Svyatoslavich (Chernigov Prince) ndi ena ambuye ena.

Zinali 1223. Akalonga anavomera kuletsa Mongolia mu steppe Polovtsian ngakhale iwo asanati kuukira Russia. Pamsonkhano logwirizana kumuwombera anafika kwa Rurikovich Mongolian akazembe. Russian wongosamukasamuka anapereka kuti adzaima Polovtsian. Akalonga anawalamula kupha atumiki, ndipo anasamukira steppe lapansi.

Posachedwa m'dera la dera ano Donetsk panali nkhondo komvetsa chisoni kwa Kalka. 1223 chaka chisoni Russian dziko lonse. A Mgwirizano wa akalonga ndi Polovtsian zowawa linagonja. amphamvu Mongol anagonjetsa kumuwombera kuphatikiza. Cumans, flinching pansi kukana, ndipo anathawa, kusiya asilikali Russian popanda thandizo.

Pankhondo anapha osachepera 8 akalonga, kuphatikizapo Mstislav Mstislav wa Kiev ndi Chernigov. Pamodzi ndi iwo anataya miyoyo yawo, ambiri wolemekezeka boyars. Black mbendera anali nkhondo ya Kalka. 1223 zikhoza kukhala chaka chathunthu nkhondo ya ku Mongolia, koma atapambana wamagazi ankaganiza kuti izo zinali bwino kubwerera ku chigawo kwawo. zaka zingapo maukulu Russian chatsopano akuopsa horde salinso kalikonse.

Volga Bulgaria

Asanamwalire, Genghis Khan anagawa ufumu wake mu dera la udindo, mtsogoleri aliyense wa adayima mmodzi wa ana a mgonjetsi. Ulus mu steppe Polovtsian ali Jochi. Iye anafa asanakalambe, ndipo mu 1235 ndi chigamulo cha Kurultai mwana wake Batu inayamba kulinganiza kukopa anthu mu Europe. Mdzukulu wa Genghis Khan anasonkhanitsa gulu lalikulu la asilikali ndipo anapita kugonjetsa Mongolia kumayiko akutali.

Wozunzidwayo loyamba latsopano nkhondo ya wongosamukasamuka anayamba Volga Bulgaria. Izi ndi boma pa dera la Tatarstan amakono kwa zaka zingapo anatsogolera malire nkhondo ndi asilikaliwa. Komabe, mpaka tsopano okha okha sorties yaing'ono steppe. Tsopano khamu la Batu anali kukula kwa anthu pafupifupi 120 zikwi. Gulu la nkhondo yaikulu mosavuta analanda lalikulu Chibugariya mizinda Bulgar Bilyar Dzhuketau ndi Suvar.

Nkhondo ya Russia

Popeza anagonjetsa Volga Bulgaria ndi ogwirizana ake smashing Polovtzy aggressors anasamukira zina kumadzulo. Choncho anayamba Mongol anagonjetsa Russia. Mu December 1237 ndi wongosamukasamuka anali pa dera la Ryazan ukulu. likulu lake anatengedwa ndi nkhanza anawonongedwa. Modern Ryazan anamanga angapo makilomita ku Old Ryazan, pa malo amene akuyimabe kuthetsa akale.

Ankhondo apamwamba a akuluakulu a Vladimir-Suzdal anamenyana ndi a Mongol ku Nkhondo ya Kolomna. Pa nkhondo imeneyi, mmodzi mwa ana a Genghis Khan , Kulkhan, adamwalira. Posakhalitsa gululi linagonjetsedwa ndi gulu la msilikali wa Ryazan Yevpatia Kolovrat, yemwe anakhala msilikali weniweni wa dziko. Ngakhale kuti anakana kuuma, Amongolia anathyola asilikali onse ndipo anatenga mizinda yonse yatsopanoyi.

Chakumayambiriro kwa 1238, Moscow, Vladimir, Tver, Pereyaslavl-Zalessky, ndi Torzhok anagwa. Tawuni yaing'ono ya Kozelsk inadzitetezera kwa nthawi yaitali kuti Baty, adaipasula ndi nthaka, adatcha linga "mzinda woipa". Panthawi ya nkhondo ya River City, nyumba yosiyana, yomwe inkalamulidwa ndi woyang'anira Burundai, inagonjetsa gulu la Russia lomwe linagwirizana ndi Vladimir Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich, yemwe adadulidwa mutu wake.

Mizinda ina yambiri ya ku Russia ili ndi mwayi Novgorod. Kutenga Torzhok, Horde sanayese kupita kutali kwambiri ndi chisanu cha kumpoto ndi kutembenukira kummwera. Motero, anthu a ku Mongolia omwe ankaukira dziko la Russia mosangalala ankadutsa kwambiri malonda ndi chikhalidwe cha dzikoli. Atasamukira kumapiri a kum'mwera, Batyi anapuma pang'ono. Anapatsa mafuta ake mahatchi ndipo anasonkhanitsa asilikaliwo. Gulu linagawidwa m'magulu angapo, omwe anathetsa ntchito zowonongeka pomenyana ndi Polovtsi ndi Alans.

Kale mu 1239 a Mongol anaukira Southern Russia. Mu October, Chernigov adagwa. Mabwinja anawonongedwa Glukhov, Putivl, Rylsk. Mu 1240 anthu a mumzindawu anazungulira ndi kutenga Kiev. Pasanapite nthawi Galic anali kuyembekezera zomwezo. Atafunkha mizinda yofunika kwambiri ya ku Russia, Batu anapanga Ryurikovich udindo wake. Motero anayamba nyengo ya Golden Horde, yomwe idatha mpaka zaka za m'ma XV. Malo akale kwambiri adadziwika kuti ndi Vladimir. Olamulira ake analandira chilolezo kwa a Mongol. Lamulo lochititsa manyazi limeneli linasokonezeka kokha ndi kukwera kwa Moscow.

Ku Ulaya

Kugonjetsa kwa Mongol kumeneku kwa Rus sikunali kotsiriza ku Ulaya. Pambuyo pa ulendo wawo kumadzulo, anthu a mumzindawu anafika kumalire a Hungary ndi Poland. Akalonga ena a ku Russia (monga Mikhail Chernigov) anathawira ku maufumu awa, akupempha thandizo kwa mafumu achikatolika.

Mu 1241, a Mongol anatenga ndi kuwononga mizinda ya ku Poland ya Zaviost, Lublin, Sandomierz. Krakow anali womalizira kugwa. Akalonga a dziko la Poland adatha kupempha thandizo la a Germany ndi a asilikali a Katolika. Gulu lachigwirizano la magulu amenewa linagonjetsedwa pa nkhondo ya Legnica. Pa nkhondo, Krakow mfumu Henry II adafa.

Dziko la Hungary linali dziko lomalizira lozunzika ndi a Mongol. Pambuyo pa Carpathians ndi Transylvania, anthu oimirirawo anawononga Oradea, Temesvar ndi Bistritsa. Nthambi ina ya ku Mongolia inadutsa pamoto wa Wallachi ndi lupanga. Gulu lankhondo lachitatu linafika m'mphepete mwa Danube ndipo linalanda linga la Arad.

Nthawi yonseyi, dziko la Hungarian King Bela IV linali ku Pest, komwe ankamanga gulu lankhondo. Ankhondo omwe amatsogoleredwa ndi Batu mwiniwake adakumana naye. Mu April 1241, magulu awiri ankhondo anatsutsana pa nkhondo pa mtsinje wa Shaino. Bela IV anagonjetsedwa. Mfumuyo inathawira ku Austria, ndipo a Mongol anapitirizabe kulanda dziko la Hungary. Batu anayeseranso kudutsa Danube ndikuukira Ufumu Woyera wa Roma, koma potsiriza anasiya dongosolo lino.

Asilikali achimongoliwo atapita kumadzulo, anaukira Croatia (amenenso anali ku Hungary) ndipo anawononga Zagreb. Makamu awo apamwamba anapita kumphepete mwa nyanja ya Adriatic. Awa anali malire a kukula kwa Chimongolia. Nomads sanalowe nawo ku Central Europe ku mphamvu zawo, wokhutira ndi kubedwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Malire a Golden Horde adayamba kudutsa Dniester.